Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2024 May;83(2):109-119. doi: 10.1017/S0029665123003610. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
Diets and dietary constituents that we consume have a considerable impact on disease risk. Intriguingly these effects may be modulated to some extent by sex. Lack of female representation in nutritional studies as well as a lack of stratification by sex has and continues to limit our understanding of these sex × diet interactions. Here we provide an overview of the current and available literature describing how exposure to certain dietary patterns (Western-style diet, Mediterranean diet, vegetarian/vegan, ketogenic diet) and dietary constituents (dietary fibre, PUFA and plant bioactive) influences disease risk in a sex-specific manner. Interestingly, these sex differences appear to be highly disease-specific. The identification of such sex differences in response to diet stresses the importance of sex stratification in nutritional research.
我们所摄入的饮食和饮食成分对疾病风险有相当大的影响。有趣的是，这些影响在某种程度上可能会受到性别的调节。在营养研究中缺乏女性代表性以及缺乏按性别分层，这在过去和现在都限制了我们对这些性别与饮食相互作用的理解。在这里，我们提供了当前和可用文献的概述，描述了某些饮食模式（西式饮食、地中海饮食、素食/纯素、生酮饮食）和饮食成分（膳食纤维、多不饱和脂肪酸和植物生物活性物质）如何以性别特异性的方式影响疾病风险。有趣的是，这些性别差异似乎与疾病高度相关。饮食对这些性别差异的反应表明，在营养研究中进行性别分层非常重要。
