IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
Human Reproduction Department, IVI RMA Valencia, 46015 Valencia, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 May 31;16(11):1726. doi: 10.3390/nu16111726.
Infertility affects 15% of the population in developed countries, and its prevalence is increasing. Fertility can be influenced by different factors. Although key factors like maternal age cannot be changed, there is growing evidence that other modifiable factors, such as diet, can have an impact on fertility. Diet has become increasingly important in recent years for a number of reasons: the new trend toward a healthy lifestyle, the higher prevalence of certain digestive disorders, a lack of time that leads people to consume more prepared and processed food, and personal choice to not eat meat, among others. To meet these needs, several diets have recently become popular, such as the Mediterranean diet, known as the gold standard of health; the DASH diet, known for preventing hypertension; the Western diet, characterized by processed food; the ketogenic diet, characterized by low carbohydrate intake; and the vegetarian diet, which is the choice for people who do not eat meat or animal by-products. Diets present a unique composition characterized by the presence or absence of specific nutrients, which have also been associated with male and female fertility individually. This review assesses the impact of these diets and of macro- and micronutrients on both female and male fertility.
在发达国家，15%的人口受到不孕不育的影响，且其发病率呈上升趋势。生育能力可能受到多种因素的影响。尽管产妇年龄等关键因素无法改变，但越来越多的证据表明，其他可改变的因素，如饮食，可能会对生育能力产生影响。近年来，饮食之所以变得越来越重要，有以下几个原因：健康生活方式的新趋势、某些消化疾病的高发率、人们由于缺乏时间而更多地食用预制和加工食品，以及个人选择不吃肉等。为了满足这些需求，最近出现了几种饮食方式，例如被称为健康“金标准”的地中海饮食、以预防高血压为特点的 DASH 饮食、以加工食品为特征的西方饮食、以低碳水化合物摄入为特征的生酮饮食以及选择不吃肉或动物副产品的素食饮食。这些饮食具有独特的组成，其特点是存在或缺乏特定的营养物质，这些营养物质也分别与男性和女性的生育能力有关。本综述评估了这些饮食以及宏量和微量营养素对女性和男性生育能力的影响。
