Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
Faculty of Human Resources, Health & Social Work, University of Applied Sciences (FHM), 33602 Bielefeld, Germany.
Nutrients. 2021 May 18;13(5):1707. doi: 10.3390/nu13051707.
There is a lack of data on associations between modern vegetarian and vegan diets and health among children and adolescents. The aim of the Vechi Youth Study was to cross-sectionally examine anthropometry, dietary intakes and nutritional status in a sample of 149 vegetarian, 115 vegan and 137 omnivore children and adolescents (6-18 years old, mean age: 12.7 ± 3.9 years). Group differences of dietary intake (calculated from three-day dietary records), nutrient biomarker and blood lipid concentrations were assessed using an analysis of covariance, adjusted for sex, age and other covariates. The total energy intake did not differ significantly between groups, but intake of carbohydrates was higher among vegetarians and vegans than among omnivores ( = 0.0002, respectively). The median protein intake exceeded 0.9 g/kg body weight/day in all diet groups and was lowest among vegetarians ( < 0.02). There was no significant difference of haemoglobin, vitamin B2, 25-OH vitamin D3, HDL-C and triglycerides blood concentrations between diet groups. Vegan participants had higher folate concentrations than vegetarian participants ( = 0.0053). Ferritin concentration was significantly higher in omnivores than in vegetarians ( = 0.0134) and vegans ( = 0.0404). Vegetarians had lower concentrations of holotranscobalamin ( = 0.0042) and higher concentrations of methylmalonic acid ( = 0.0253) than omnivores. Vegans had the lowest non-HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations in comparison to vegetarians ( = 0.0053 and = 0.0041) and omnivores ( = 0.0010 and = 0.0010). A high prevalence (>30%) of 25-OH vitamin D3 and vitamin B2 concentrations below reference values were found irrespective of the diet group. In conclusion, the Vechi Youth Study did not indicate specific nutritional risks among vegetarian and vegan children and adolescents compared to omnivores.
关于现代素食和纯素饮食与儿童和青少年健康之间的关联，数据匮乏。Vechi Youth 研究的目的是在 149 名素食者、115 名纯素食者和 137 名杂食者儿童和青少年（6-18 岁，平均年龄：12.7 ± 3.9 岁）样本中，横截面上检查人体测量学、饮食摄入量和营养状况。使用协方差分析评估膳食摄入（根据三天膳食记录计算）、营养素生物标志物和血脂浓度的组间差异，调整性别、年龄和其他协变量。各组的总能量摄入量无显著差异，但素食者和纯素食者的碳水化合物摄入量高于杂食者（分别为 = 0.0002）。所有饮食组的蛋白质摄入量中位数均超过 0.9 g/kg 体重/天，素食者最低（<0.02）。各组的血红蛋白、维生素 B2、25-OH 维生素 D3、HDL-C 和甘油三酯血浓度无显著差异。纯素食者的叶酸浓度高于素食者（=0.0053）。与素食者（=0.0134）和纯素食者（=0.0404）相比，杂食者的铁蛋白浓度显著更高。素食者的全钴胺素浓度较低（=0.0042），甲基丙二酸浓度较高（=0.0253）。与素食者相比（=0.0053 和=0.0041）和杂食者（=0.0010 和=0.0010），纯素食者的非-HDL-C 和 LDL-C 浓度最低。无论饮食组如何，25-OH 维生素 D3 和维生素 B2 浓度低于参考值的比例均较高（>30%）。总之，与杂食者相比，Vechi Youth 研究并未表明素食和纯素食儿童和青少年存在特定的营养风险。
