Yzermans C Joris, Moleman Youri P, Spreeuwenberg Peter, Nielen Mark M J, Dückers Michel L A, Smit Lidwien A M, Baliatsas Christos
Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Pneumonia (Nathan). 2023 Sep 5;15(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s41479-023-00115-7.
Although the association between living in the vicinity of a goat farm and the occurrence of pneumonia is well-documented, it is unclear whether the higher risk of pneumonia in livestock dense areas is season-specific or not. This study explored the temporal variation of the association between exposure to goat farms and the occurrence of pneumonia.
A large population-based study was conducted in the Netherlands, based on electronic health records from 49 general practices, collected for a period of six consecutive years (2014-2019). Monthly incidence rates of pneumonia in a livestock dense area were compared with those of a control group (areas with low livestock density) both per individual year and cumulatively for the entire six-year period. Using individual estimates of livestock exposure, it was also examined whether incidence of pneumonia differed per month if someone lived within a certain radius from a goat farm, compared to residents who lived further away.
Pneumonia was consistently more common in the livestock dense area throughout the year, compared to the control area. Analyses on the association between the individual livestock exposure estimates and monthly pneumonia incidence for the whole six-year period, yielded a generally higher risk for pneumonia among people living within 500 m from a goat farm, compared to those living further away. Significant associations were observed for March (IRR 1.68, 95% CI 1.02-2.78), August (IRR 2.67, 95% CI 1.45-4.90) and September (IRR 2.52, 95% CI 1.47-4.32).
The increased occurrence of pneumonia in the vicinity of goat farms is not season-specific. Instead, pneumonia is more common in livestock dense areas throughout the year, including summer months.
虽然居住在山羊养殖场附近与肺炎发生之间的关联已有充分记录，但尚不清楚在牲畜密集地区肺炎风险增加是否具有季节特异性。本研究探讨了接触山羊养殖场与肺炎发生之间关联的时间变化。
在荷兰开展了一项基于人群的大型研究，该研究基于49家全科诊所连续六年（2014 - 2019年）收集的电子健康记录。将牲畜密集地区肺炎的月发病率与对照组（牲畜密度低的地区）每年以及整个六年期间的累计发病率进行比较。利用对牲畜接触情况的个体估计，还研究了与居住在离山羊养殖场较远的居民相比，居住在距山羊养殖场一定半径范围内的人每月肺炎发病率是否存在差异。
与对照地区相比，全年牲畜密集地区的肺炎始终更为常见。对整个六年期间个体牲畜接触估计与每月肺炎发病率之间的关联进行分析发现，与居住在离山羊养殖场较远的人相比，居住在距山羊养殖场500米范围内的人患肺炎的风险总体更高。在3月（发病率比值比[IRR] 1.68，95%置信区间[CI] 1.02 - 2.78）、8月（IRR 2.67，95% CI 1.45 - 4.90）和9月（IRR 2.52，95% CI 1.47 - 4.32）观察到显著关联。
山羊养殖场附近肺炎发病率增加并非季节特异性。相反，全年在牲畜密集地区肺炎更为常见，包括夏季月份。
