Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Thyroid. 2023 Nov;33(11):1271-1286. doi: 10.1089/thy.2023.0045. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
Very little was known about the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer until the late 1980s. As part of the Centennial celebration of the American Thyroid Association, we review the historical discoveries that contributed to our current understanding of the genetic underpinnings of thyroid cancer. The pace of discovery was heavily dependent on scientific breakthroughs in nucleic acid sequencing technology, cancer biology, thyroid development, thyroid cell signaling, and growth regulation. Accordingly, we attempt to link the primary observations on thyroid cancer molecular genetics with the methodological and scientific advances that made them possible. The major genetic drivers of the common forms of thyroid cancer are now quite well established and contribute to a significant extent to how we diagnose and treat the disease. However, many challenges remain. Future work will need to unravel the complexity of thyroid cancer ecosystems, which is likely to be a major determinant of their biological behavior and on how they respond to therapy.
直到 20 世纪 80 年代末，人们对甲状腺癌的分子发病机制知之甚少。作为美国甲状腺协会百年庆典的一部分，我们回顾了促成我们目前对甲状腺癌遗传基础理解的历史发现。发现的步伐在很大程度上取决于核酸测序技术、癌症生物学、甲状腺发育、甲状腺细胞信号转导和生长调控方面的科学突破。因此，我们试图将甲状腺癌分子遗传学的主要观察结果与使这些结果成为可能的方法和科学进步联系起来。常见形式的甲状腺癌的主要遗传驱动因素现在已经相当确定，并在很大程度上影响了我们诊断和治疗这种疾病的方式。然而，仍然存在许多挑战。未来的工作需要揭示甲状腺癌生态系统的复杂性，这很可能是决定其生物学行为以及它们对治疗反应的主要因素。
