Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Nov 15;337:122483. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122483. Epub 2023 Sep 3.
The rapid growth of maritime traffic, transportation, and fishery activities has increased shipping emissions and degraded the air quality in coastal areas. As a result, controlling ocean-based pollution sources have become increasingly important. This study investigated the real-world emission characteristics of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs, a group of highly toxic semi-volatile organic compounds) from five types of offshore ships using diesel oil: small and medium fishing ships, tug boats, ferry, and engineering ships, under various driving mode. Both gaseous and particle emission factors (EF) of four specific OPAHs were determined in our study. Among the OPAHs species emitted from ships, 9-fluorenone (9FO; 72%) and anthrathrace-9,10-quinone (ATQ; 25%) were the most abundant. The arithmetic mean of the sum of gaseous OPAHs EFs for all ships in this study was 2.5 ± 4.4 mg/kg fuel burned, and the mean particulate OPAHs EF was 4.7 ± 7.9 mg/kg. Small fishing ships had the highest total OPAHs EFs (31.0 ± 17.0 mg/kg). Apart from small fishing ships, there was no significant difference in the total EF of OPAHs for the other four types of ships. The emissions of the four OPAHs are predominantly in the particulate phase. There were no significant differences in the emissions of the four OPAHs under different driving mode. According to estimates, the annual OPAH emissions from the four types of ships in Hainan in 2017 were approximately 4.2 (range: 2.7-7.0) tons, dwarfing the OPAH emissions from diesel-powered on-road vehicles in China (23.5 kg).
海洋运输、交通和渔业活动的快速增长增加了船舶排放，降低了沿海地区的空气质量。因此，控制海洋污染源变得越来越重要。本研究采用柴油作为燃料，对 5 种近海船舶（中小型渔船、拖船、渡轮和工程船）在不同行驶模式下的含氧多环芳烃（OPAHs，一组高度有毒的半挥发性有机化合物）的真实排放特征进行了研究。本研究确定了 4 种特定 OPAHs 的气态和颗粒排放因子（EF）。在所研究的船舶排放的 OPAHs 中，9-氟酮（9FO；72%）和蒽-9,10-二酮（ATQ；25%）含量最丰富。本研究中所有船舶的气态 OPAHs 总和的算术平均值为 2.5 ± 4.4 mg/kg 燃料燃烧，颗粒 OPAHs EF 的平均值为 4.7 ± 7.9 mg/kg。小型渔船的总 OPAHs EF 最高（31.0 ± 17.0 mg/kg）。除小型渔船外，其他四种船舶的总 OPAHs EF 没有显著差异。这四种 OPAHs 的排放主要以颗粒相为主。在不同行驶模式下，这四种 OPAHs 的排放没有显著差异。根据估计，2017 年海南 4 种类型船舶的 OPAH 排放量约为 4.2（范围：2.7-7.0）吨，远远超过中国柴油动力道路车辆的 OPAH 排放量（23.5 kg）。
