Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China.
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
J Gen Psychol. 2024 Jul-Sep;151(3):223-270. doi: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2252133. Epub 2023 Sep 6.
Existing research has demonstrated a significant directed forgetting (DF) effect in memory. However, it remains unclear whether this phenomenon would occur in the context of interpersonal collaboration. Additionally, the contribution of emotional valence to the DF effect in item memory and source memory (which are subtypes of episodic memory) also needs to be explored. To address these issues, we conducted two experiments that combined the collaborative memory paradigm with the item-method procedure of DF. In both experiments, positive, neutral, or negative words were presented as stimuli, each followed by an R/F cue during encoding. We conducted two recalls, labeled Recall 1 and Recall 2, which consisted of both memory tasks. Recall 1 was performed either individually or collaboratively, whereas Recall 2 was done individually. Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 adopted the free-flowing procedure and the turn-taking procedure of collaborative memory, respectively. We obtained three implications from our current findings. (a) The occurrence of the DF effect in item memory was found regardless of the procedure of collaborative memory, and it was insensitive to the emotional valence of words or to whether participants had collaborated or not. These patterns demonstrate that both the mechanisms of elaborative rehearsal and active suppression/encoding blocking were engaged across words of different emotional valences and in nominal and collaborative circumstances. (b) In source memory, the DF effect showed different patterns in ongoing and post-collaborative memory, which underpins the dual-process models. (c) The amplitude of the DF effect was sensitive to the interaction of emotional valence by the status of collaboration, and the impact of collaboration differed between the two experiments, offering telling evidence of different aspects of the retrieval strategy disruption hypothesis (RSDH). Directions for identifying more influential factors are put forward.
已有研究表明，记忆中存在显著的定向遗忘（DF）效应。然而，在人际协作的情境下是否会出现这种现象尚不清楚。此外，情绪效价对项目记忆和来源记忆（情节记忆的两个亚型）中 DF 效应的贡献也需要进一步探讨。为了解决这些问题，我们结合协作记忆范式和 DF 的项目法程序进行了两项实验。在这两项实验中，积极、中性或消极的词作为刺激呈现，在编码过程中每个词后面都有一个 R/F 提示。我们进行了两次回忆，分别标记为回忆 1 和回忆 2，都包含两种记忆任务。回忆 1 可以单独或协作进行，而回忆 2 只能单独进行。实验 1 和实验 2 分别采用了协作记忆的自由流动程序和轮流程序。我们从当前的研究结果中得出了三个结论。（a）无论协作记忆的程序如何，项目记忆中都出现了 DF 效应，且不受词的情绪效价或参与者是否协作的影响。这些模式表明，在不同情绪效价的词以及名义和协作情境中，精细复述和主动抑制/编码阻断的机制都被激活了。（b）在来源记忆中，DF 效应在持续记忆和协作后记忆中呈现出不同的模式，这支持了双过程模型。（c）DF 效应的幅度对情绪效价和协作状态的交互作用敏感，协作的影响在两个实验中不同，为检索策略干扰假说（RSDH）的不同方面提供了有力证据。提出了确定更具影响力因素的方向。
