Nenna Raffaella, Stern Debra A, Carr Tara F, Spangenberg Amber, Wright Anne L, Martinez Fernando D, Halonen Marilyn
Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Department of Maternal, Infantile, and Urological Services, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy.
J Virol. 2023 Sep 28;97(9):e0076723. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00767-23. Epub 2023 Sep 6.
Maternal-to-fetal transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been shown to occur but whether late prenatal exposure to RSV season influences offspring postnatal RSV-lower respiratory illness (LRI) risk in early life or RSV immune status at birth is unclear. In this study, the duration of third trimester RSV season exposure was determined for 1,094 newborns of the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study (TCRS) and found to show an inverse relation to risk for first RSV-LRI in the first year. Cord blood anti-RSV antibody is related to third trimester RSV season exposure but not to first year RSV-LRI risk. In a separate birth cohort (the Infant Immune Study), supernatants from cord blood mononuclear cells stimulated with the recall antigen, UV-inactivated RSV, were assayed for IFN-γ and IL-4. The frequency of detectable IFN-γ (but not IL-4) was increased for those with at least 2 mo of third trimester RSV season exposure, suggestive of a fetal immune response to RSV. IMPORTANCE Our study found that duration of third trimester exposure to RSV season related inversely to subsequent risk of postnatal RSV-LRI in the first year, thus implicating this exposure as an important factor in reducing risk of postnatal RSV-LRIs, a risk reduction that appears to be independent of maternally transferred anti-RSV antibody level. The increase in frequency of detectable IFN-γ and not IL-4 in response to UV-inactivated RSV in cord blood immune cells for infants with greater third trimester exposure to RSV season is suggestive of a Type-1 immune response to RSV occurring .
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）母婴传播已被证实会发生，但产前晚期暴露于RSV季节是否会影响后代出生后早期患RSV下呼吸道疾病（LRI）的风险或出生时的RSV免疫状态尚不清楚。在本研究中，确定了图森儿童呼吸研究（TCRS）中1094名新生儿在孕晚期暴露于RSV季节的持续时间，发现其与第一年首次发生RSV-LRI的风险呈负相关。脐血抗RSV抗体与孕晚期RSV季节暴露有关，但与第一年RSV-LRI风险无关。在另一个出生队列（婴儿免疫研究）中，用回忆抗原紫外线灭活RSV刺激脐血单个核细胞的上清液，检测其中的IFN-γ和IL-4。孕晚期RSV季节暴露至少2个月的婴儿，可检测到IFN-γ（而非IL-4）的频率增加，提示胎儿对RSV有免疫反应。重要性我们的研究发现，孕晚期暴露于RSV季节的持续时间与出生后第一年随后发生RSV-LRI的风险呈负相关，因此表明这种暴露是降低出生后RSV-LRIs风险的一个重要因素，这种风险降低似乎与母体传递的抗RSV抗体水平无关。孕晚期暴露于RSV季节较多的婴儿，其脐血免疫细胞对紫外线灭活RSV反应时可检测到的IFN-γ频率增加而IL-4频率未增加，提示对RSV发生了1型免疫反应。
