Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
Tongwei Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 15;904:166800. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166800. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
A 6-week trial was designed to investigate the effects of dietary sodium chloride supplementation on physiological, metabolic, and molecular stress response parameters. The findings showed that (1) there were no significant differences between sodium chloride supplementation groups (0.05S, 0.1S, and 0.15S) and the control group (P > 0.05), except for the 0.2S diet, which showed better final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio than the control group (P < 0.05). (2) The hypothermic stress experiment results showed that the survival rates in the 0.1S and 0.15S diets were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). (3) Transcription results showed that these enriched pathways in the gill were mainly energy metabolism and apoptosis pathways, while the major enrichment pathways in the liver were mainly amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. (4) The plasma parameter results showed, compared to the control group, the 0.15S diet significantly increased the plasma GLU, TG contents, and Na and K concentrations and decreased the plasma ALT activity (P < 0.05). In addition, the 0.1S diet increased the plasma ALB content and Cl concentration (P < 0.05). The gill Na/K-ATPase activity decreased markedly when the fish were fed the 0.1S and 0.15S diets (P < 0.05). The antioxidant enzyme activity results showed that the 0.1S and 0.15S diets significantly increased the T-SOD activities (P < 0.05). Gene expression results showed that compared to the control group, the 0.1S and 0.15S diets up-regulated the expression of gys, hsp70, mlcp, mlc, myosin, tnt mRNA, and down-regulated the akt, gk, and erk mRNA expression. Based on the regression analysis, the optimum dietary sodium chloride levels range from 0.10 % to 0.13 % of the diet, which could facilitate energy regulation, improve the immune response, and ultimately strengthen the cold resistance of GIFT.
一项为期 6 周的试验旨在研究膳食氯化钠补充对生理、代谢和分子应激反应参数的影响。研究结果表明：（1）除 0.2S 饮食组外，其余氯化钠补充组（0.05S、0.1S 和 0.15S）与对照组之间没有显著差异（P＞0.05），而 0.2S 饮食组的末重、增重率、特定生长率和饲料转化率均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。（2）低温应激试验结果表明，0.1S 和 0.15S 饮食组的存活率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。（3）转录结果表明，鳃中富集的途径主要是能量代谢和细胞凋亡途径，而肝脏中主要富集的途径主要是氨基酸代谢和碳水化合物代谢。（4）血浆参数结果表明，与对照组相比，0.15S 饮食显著增加了血浆 GLU、TG 含量、Na 和 K 浓度，降低了血浆 ALT 活性（P＜0.05）。此外，0.1S 饮食增加了血浆 ALB 含量和 Cl 浓度（P＜0.05）。当投喂 0.1S 和 0.15S 饮食时，鱼的鳃 Na/K-ATP 酶活性显著降低（P＜0.05）。抗氧化酶活性结果表明，0.1S 和 0.15S 饮食显著增加了 T-SOD 活性（P＜0.05）。基因表达结果表明，与对照组相比，0.1S 和 0.15S 饮食上调了 gys、hsp70、mlcp、mlc、肌球蛋白、tnt mRNA 的表达，下调了 akt、gk 和 erk mRNA 的表达。基于回归分析，最佳膳食氯化钠水平范围为饮食的 0.10％至 0.13％，这有助于能量调节，提高免疫反应，最终增强 GIFT 的抗寒能力。
