Hui Zhaozhao, Wang Lina, Deng Jing, Liu Feng, Cheng Liping, Li Yajing, Tian Yuxin, Ma Le, Liu Xiaohong
School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Oct 21;11:1467751. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1467751. eCollection 2024.
To examine the associations of serum sodium and frailty with the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among hospitalized older adults with chronic diseases.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 403 hospitalized older adults with chronic diseases. Serum sodium concentration was assessed by the ion-selective electrode method, frailty status was evaluated by the FRAIL scale, and MCI was determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of serum sodium and frailty with MCI.
Participants with the lowest tertile of serum sodium had a higher risk of MCI than those in the middle tertile group (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.01-3.04). Below 143 mmol/L, the risk of MCI was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.03-1.84) for per 1 SD decrease in serum sodium. Compared with the robust group, frailty was significantly associated with an increased risk of MCI (OR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.92-8.10). Moreover, in comparison with participants with the middle tertile of serum sodium and who were robust/prefrail, those with frailty and either the lowest (OR = 5.53, 95% CI: 2.08-14.67) or the highest tertile of serum sodium (OR = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.20-10.05) had higher risks of MCI.
Both lower and higher serum sodium impose a significantly higher risk for MCI in older adults with frailty. This could inform the design of clinical trials and the development of guidelines and recommendations for correcting serum sodium and frailty in hospitalized older adults with chronic diseases.
探讨住院慢性病老年患者血清钠水平和衰弱与轻度认知障碍（MCI）风险之间的关联。
对403例住院慢性病老年患者进行横断面研究。采用离子选择电极法评估血清钠浓度，用衰弱量表评估衰弱状态，通过蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）确定MCI。采用多因素logistic回归模型评估血清钠水平和衰弱与MCI的关联。
血清钠水平处于最低三分位数的参与者发生MCI的风险高于处于中间三分位数组的参与者（OR = 1.75，95%CI：1.01 - 3.04）。血清钠水平低于143 mmol/L时，血清钠每降低1个标准差，MCI风险为1.38（95%CI：1.03 - 1.84）。与非衰弱组相比，衰弱与MCI风险增加显著相关（OR = 3.94，95%CI：1.92 - 8.10）。此外，与血清钠处于中间三分位数且非衰弱/轻度衰弱的参与者相比，衰弱且血清钠处于最低三分位数（OR = 5.53，95%CI：2.08 - 14.67）或最高三分位数（OR = 3.48，95%CI：1.20 - 10.05）的参与者发生MCI的风险更高。
血清钠水平过低或过高均会使衰弱老年患者发生MCI的风险显著升高。这可为临床试验设计以及针对住院慢性病老年患者纠正血清钠水平和衰弱制定指南与建议提供参考。
