Monash University Disaster Resilience Initiative, Monash University, ClaytonVICAustralia.
Fire and Rescue New South Wales, Australia.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2023 Oct;38(5):622-627. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X23006325. Epub 2023 Sep 7.
Ethical decision making in disaster and emergency management requires more than good intentions; it also asks for careful consideration and an explicit, systematic approach. The decisions made by leaders and the effects they have in a disaster must carry the confidence of the community to which they serve. Such decisions are critical in settings where resources are scarce; when decisions are perceived as unjust, the consequences may erode public trust, result in moral injury to staff, and cause community division. To understand how decisions in these settings are informed by ethics, a systematic literature review was conducted to determine what ethical guidance informs decision making in disaster and emergency management. This study found evidence of ethical guidance to inform decision making in disaster management in the humanitarian system, based on humanitarian principles. Evidence of the application of an ethical framework to guide or reference decision making was varied or absent in other emergency management agencies or systems. Development and validation of ethical frameworks to support decision making in disaster management practice is recommended.
灾难和应急管理中的伦理决策不仅需要良好的意愿，还需要仔细考虑和明确、系统的方法。领导者做出的决策及其在灾难中的影响必须得到他们所服务的社区的信任。在资源稀缺的情况下，这些决策至关重要；当决策被认为不公正时，后果可能会削弱公众信任，导致员工道德伤害，并导致社区分裂。为了了解这些情况下的决策如何受到伦理的影响，进行了系统的文献回顾，以确定哪些伦理指导可以为灾难和应急管理中的决策提供信息。本研究发现，基于人道主义原则，在人道主义系统中，有证据表明伦理指导可以为灾难管理中的决策提供信息。在其他应急管理机构或系统中，指导或参考决策的伦理框架的应用证据则各不相同或不存在。建议制定和验证伦理框架，以支持灾难管理实践中的决策。
