University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
J Feline Med Surg. 2023 Sep;25(9):1098612X231193054. doi: 10.1177/1098612X231193054.
Feline inflammatory airway diseases, including (but not limited to) asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis, are common and incurable disorders. These diseases require lifelong therapy and may result in substantial morbidity and, in some cases, mortality. Goals of therapy include reduction or resolution of clinical signs and the underlying pathologic processes driving those clinical signs. Inhalational therapy has the advantage of topical delivery of drugs to target tissues at higher doses with fewer systemic effects than oral medications. There are multiple options for delivery devices, and proper selection and training on the use of these devices - including acclimation of the cat to the device - can maximize therapeutic efficacy.
As inhalational therapy is uncommonly used by many veterinarians and owners, this review article provides a foundation on the selection and use of devices and inhalant medications for specific feline inflammatory airway diseases. Cats present a unique challenge with respect to the use of inhalers, and easy-to-follow steps on acclimating them to the devices are provided. The review also discusses the mechanics of inhalational therapy and helps clarify why certain medications, such as albuterol (salbutamol), fluticasone or budesonide, are chosen for certain diseases. The ultimate aim is that the practitioner should feel more comfortable managing common airway diseases in cats.
In compiling their review, the authors searched the veterinary literature for articles in English that discuss inhalational therapy in cats, and which focus primarily on inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators. While most literature on inhalational therapy in cats is based on experimental feline asthma models, there are some studies demonstrating successful treatment in cats with naturally occurring inflammatory airway disease.
猫的炎症性气道疾病，包括（但不限于）哮喘、慢性支气管炎和支气管扩张，是常见且无法治愈的疾病。这些疾病需要终身治疗，可能导致严重的发病率，在某些情况下，还会导致死亡。治疗的目标包括减少或消除临床症状和导致这些临床症状的潜在病理过程。吸入疗法具有将药物递送到靶组织的优势，与口服药物相比，其可以在较少的全身作用下给予更高的剂量。有多种输送装置可供选择，正确选择和培训这些装置的使用方法，包括使猫适应装置，可以最大限度地提高治疗效果。
由于许多兽医和主人不常使用吸入疗法，因此这篇综述文章为特定猫的炎症性气道疾病的设备和吸入药物的选择和使用提供了基础。猫在使用吸入器方面存在独特的挑战，因此提供了使它们适应设备的简单易行的步骤。该综述还讨论了吸入疗法的机制，并有助于澄清为什么某些药物，如沙丁胺醇（特布他林）、氟替卡松或布地奈德，被选择用于某些疾病。最终目的是让从业者在管理猫的常见气道疾病时感到更加舒适。
在撰写综述时，作者在英文兽医文献中搜索了讨论猫吸入疗法的文章，这些文章主要集中在吸入性糖皮质激素和支气管扩张剂上。虽然大多数关于猫吸入疗法的文献都是基于实验性猫哮喘模型，但有一些研究表明，在患有自然发生的炎症性气道疾病的猫中，这种疗法是成功的。
