Xia Xiaoting, Qu Kaixing, Wang Yan, Sinding Mikkel-Holger S, Wang Fuwen, Hanif Quratulain, Ahmed Zulfiqar, Lenstra Johannes A, Han Jianlin, Lei Chuzhao, Chen Ningbo
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
Academy of Science and Technology, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, 675000, China.
Stress Biol. 2023 Apr 18;3(1):8. doi: 10.1007/s44154-023-00085-2.
Domestic cattle have spread across the globe and inhabit variable and unpredictable environments. They have been exposed to a plethora of selective pressures and have adapted to a variety of local ecological and management conditions, including UV exposure, diseases, and stall-feeding systems. These selective pressures have resulted in unique and important phenotypic and genetic differences among modern cattle breeds/populations. Ongoing efforts to sequence the genomes of local and commercial cattle breeds/populations, along with the growing availability of ancient bovid DNA data, have significantly advanced our understanding of the genomic architecture, recent evolution of complex traits, common diseases, and local adaptation in cattle. Here, we review the origin and spread of domestic cattle and illustrate the environmental adaptations of local cattle breeds/populations.
家牛已遍布全球，栖息于多样且不可预测的环境中。它们面临着众多选择压力，并已适应了各种当地的生态和管理条件，包括紫外线照射、疾病以及圈养系统。这些选择压力导致现代牛品种/群体之间出现了独特且重要的表型和遗传差异。目前对本地和商业牛品种/群体进行基因组测序的工作，以及越来越多的古代牛科动物DNA数据，极大地推动了我们对牛的基因组结构、复杂性状的近期进化、常见疾病和局部适应性的理解。在此，我们回顾家牛的起源和传播，并阐述本地牛品种/群体对环境的适应性。
