Urology Department, Dalal Jamm Hospital.
University Cheikh Anta Diop.
Curr Opin Urol. 2023 Nov 1;33(6):437-444. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000001128. Epub 2023 Sep 5.
Urine volatile organic compound (VOC) testing for early detection of urological cancers is a minimally invasive and promising method. The objective of this review was to present the results of recently published work on this subject.
Organic volatile compounds are produced through oxidative stress and peroxidation of cell membranes, and they are eliminated through feces, urine, and sweat. Studies looking for VOCs in urine for the diagnosis of urological cancers have mostly focused on bladder and prostate cancers. However, the number of patients included in the studies was small. The electronic nose was the most widely used means of detecting VOCs in urine for the detection of urological cancers. MOS sensors and pattern recognition machine learning were more used for the composition of electronic noses. Early detection of urological cancers by detection of VOCs in urine is a method with encouraging results with sensitivities ranging from 27 to 100% and specificities ranging from 72 to 94%.
The olfactory signature of urine from patients with urological cancers is a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of urological cancers. The electronic nose with its ability to recognize complex odors is an excellent alterative to canine diagnosis and analytical techniques. Nevertheless, additional research improving the technology of Enoses and the methodology of the studies is necessary for its implementation in daily clinical practice.
尿液挥发性有机化合物（VOC）检测用于泌尿系统癌症的早期检测是一种微创且有前途的方法。本综述的目的是介绍该主题最近发表的研究结果。
有机挥发性化合物是通过细胞膜的氧化应激和过氧化产生的，通过粪便、尿液和汗液排出体外。研究旨在寻找尿液中的 VOC 来诊断泌尿系统癌症，主要集中在膀胱癌和前列腺癌上。然而，纳入研究的患者数量较少。电子鼻是检测尿液中用于诊断泌尿系统癌症的 VOC 最广泛使用的方法。MOS 传感器和模式识别机器学习更多地用于电子鼻的组成。通过检测尿液中的 VOC 来早期发现泌尿系统癌症是一种具有令人鼓舞结果的方法，其灵敏度范围为 27%至 100%，特异性范围为 72%至 94%。
泌尿系统癌症患者尿液的嗅觉特征是泌尿系统癌症早期诊断的有前途的生物标志物。电子鼻具有识别复杂气味的能力，是犬类诊断和分析技术的极好替代品。然而，需要进一步研究来改进 Enose 的技术和研究方法，以便将其应用于日常临床实践。
