State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2023;199:3-32. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.012. Epub 2023 Mar 15.
Stem cells have self-renewal capability and can proliferate and differentiate into a variety of functionally active cells that can serve in various tissues and organs. This review discusses the history, definition, and classification of stem cells. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) mainly include embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the embryo. Induced pluripotent stem cells are derived from reprogramming somatic cells. Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into cells derived from all three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). Adult stem cells can be multipotent or unipotent and can produce tissue-specific terminally differentiated cells. Stem cells can be used in cell therapy to replace and regenerate damaged tissues or organs.
干细胞具有自我更新能力，能够增殖并分化为多种功能活跃的细胞，可用于各种组织和器官。本文讨论了干细胞的历史、定义和分类。人类多能干细胞（hPSC）主要包括胚胎干细胞（hESC）和诱导多能干细胞（hiPSC）。胚胎干细胞来源于胚胎的内细胞团。诱导多能干细胞来源于体细胞重编程。多能干细胞具有分化为三个胚层（内胚层、中胚层和外胚层）来源的细胞的能力。成体干细胞可以是多能性或单能性的，并能产生组织特异性的终末分化细胞。干细胞可用于细胞治疗，以替代和再生受损的组织或器官。
