Kazakhstan's Medical University "KSPH", Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94, Tole-Bi Str., Almaty, 050020, Republic of Kazakhstan.
Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 7;13(1):14710. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42031-2.
To date, there have been no large-scale national studies of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Kazakhstan. It includes the research based on the analysis of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The aim of this study was to investigate the population prevalence of CKD and associated risk factors in Kazakhstan. The cross-sectional study consisted of a nationally representative sample of n = 6 720 adults aged 18 to 69 from 14 regions and 3 major cities in Kazakhstan. The study covered the period from October 2021 to May 2022. The WHO STEPS questionnaire was used for the survey. For the diagnosis of CKD, creatinine levels in collected blood samples were measured to assess eGFR. Demographic characteristics were collected and studied. The total and adjusted prevalence of factors associated with the presence of CKD were calculated and analysed using logistic regression. 73.5% (n = 4940) of participants had normal eGFR, while 25.2% (n = 1695) had mild CKD (eGFR = 60-89 mL/min/1.7 m). The overall prevalence of CKD with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.7 m was 1.3% (n = 85), of which 0.2% (n = 15) had eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.7 m. A mild degree of CKD was most often determined in residents of the East Kazakhstan region in 10.4%, and in 7.8-8.0% of cases. The majority of CKD patients was detected in the East Kazakhstan region and Almaty city, 15.3% and 10.6% of cases respectively. In mild and CKD with GFR < 60 ml/min/1.7 m, the age of participants was 50-69 years in 61.5% and 78.8% of cases, respectively (p < 0.001). In addition to the association with the place of residence, a statistically significant relationship was found between the risk of developing CKD and underweight (OR 1.43, 95% CI (1.09-1.88), p < 0.001), as well as the presence of obesity (OR 1.24, 95% CI (0.99-1.53), p = 0.04). We observed the prevalence of CKD with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.7 m at the level of 1.3%. However, a fairly large part of study participants had a mild CKD (25.2%). The results of this study can be used for the optimization of the doctors workload and the timely provision of care to patients with CKD.
迄今为止，哈萨克斯坦还没有关于慢性肾脏病流行情况的大规模全国性研究。这项研究基于估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）的分析。本研究旨在调查哈萨克斯坦人群慢性肾脏病的流行情况及其相关危险因素。这项横断面研究包括来自哈萨克斯坦 14 个地区和 3 个主要城市的 n=6720 名年龄在 18 至 69 岁的成年人的全国代表性样本。研究时间为 2021 年 10 月至 2022 年 5 月。采用世界卫生组织 STEPS 问卷进行调查。为了诊断慢性肾脏病，测量了收集的血液样本中的肌酐水平以评估 eGFR。收集并研究了人口统计学特征。使用逻辑回归计算并分析了与慢性肾脏病存在相关的因素的总患病率和调整后患病率。73.5%（n=4940）的参与者的 eGFR 正常，而 25.2%（n=1695）的参与者患有轻度慢性肾脏病（eGFR=60-89ml/min/1.7m）。总体 eGFR<60ml/min/1.7m 的慢性肾脏病患病率为 1.3%（n=85），其中 0.2%（n=15）的 eGFR<45ml/min/1.7m。在东哈萨克斯坦地区，轻度慢性肾脏病最常见，占 10.4%，而在 7.8-8.0%的病例中则为中度慢性肾脏病。在东哈萨克斯坦地区和阿拉木图市发现了大多数慢性肾脏病患者，分别占 15.3%和 10.6%的病例。在轻度和 eGFR<60ml/min/1.7m 的慢性肾脏病患者中，参与者的年龄为 50-69 岁，分别占 61.5%和 78.8%（p<0.001）。除了与居住地的关联外，还发现慢性肾脏病的风险与体重过轻（OR 1.43，95%CI（1.09-1.88），p<0.001）以及肥胖（OR 1.24，95%CI（0.99-1.53））之间存在统计学显著关系，p=0.04）。我们观察到 eGFR<60ml/min/1.7m 的慢性肾脏病患病率为 1.3%。然而，相当大一部分研究参与者患有轻度慢性肾脏病（25.2%）。本研究结果可用于优化医生的工作量，并及时为慢性肾脏病患者提供护理。
