Department for Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan.
General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan.
Front Public Health. 2024 Feb 14;12:1333887. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333887. eCollection 2024.
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing worldwide. Several modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity, and obesity, have been linked to the development of NCDs in both genders. Understanding the prevalence of these risk factors and their associated factors is crucial for effective intervention planning in adult populations. This study aimed to provide an overview of the prevalence and associated factors of these risk behaviors among different genders of adults in West Kazakhstan.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in four regions of West Kazakhstan. A stratified multistage sampling technique was utilized to obtain a representative sample size of 4,800 participants aged 18 -69 years. Trained researchers administered face-to-face interviews using validated questionnaires to gather information pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics, smoking habits, alcohol drinking, dietary patterns, physical activity levels, body mass index (BMI), and prevalent diseases.
This study, which included 4,800 participants from West Kazakhstan, revealed some striking numerical findings. The overall prevalence rates of behavioral risk factors and metabolic conditions were as follows: smoking was 13.6% (95%CI: 3.2-24.0%), alcohol drinking was 47.0% (27.7-66.3%), current obesity was 22.3% (9.0-35.6%), and physical inactivity was 80.7% (55.4-106.0%). In addition, the overall prevalence rates of metabolic conditions were 25.6% (11.3-39.9%) for hypertension, 7.5% (0.2-15.2%) for diabetes, 11.8% (2.1-21.5%) for high cholesterol, and 13.0% (2.8-23.2%) for cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, a higher prevalence of high cholesterol was observed in men, and a greater prevalence of heart disease was identified in women. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that physical inactivity was associated with hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, while obesity was linked to hypertension, high cholesterol, and heart disease.
This study in West Kazakhstan identified variations in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and NCDs, highlighting gender, age, and regional disparities. Notably, men showed higher rates of smoking and alcohol drinking, while women exhibited a greater prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity. Gender and regional differences were evident, with the West Kazakhstan region standing out for distinct patterns. Tailored interventions are crucial to address these disparities and enhance public health in the region.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）的患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。吸烟、饮酒、身体活动不足和肥胖等多种可改变的危险因素已被证实与两性 NCD 的发生有关。了解这些危险因素及其相关因素的流行情况对于成年人群的有效干预规划至关重要。本研究旨在提供哈萨克斯坦西部地区不同性别成年人中这些危险行为的流行情况和相关因素的概述。
在哈萨克斯坦西部的四个地区进行了一项横断面研究。采用分层多阶段抽样技术，获得了 4800 名 18-69 岁的代表性样本量。经过培训的研究人员使用经过验证的问卷进行面对面访谈，收集有关社会人口特征、吸烟习惯、饮酒、饮食模式、身体活动水平、体重指数（BMI）和常见疾病的信息。
本研究包括来自哈萨克斯坦西部的 4800 名参与者，揭示了一些引人注目的数字发现。行为危险因素和代谢状况的总体流行率如下：吸烟率为 13.6%（95%CI：3.2-24.0%），饮酒率为 47.0%（27.7-66.3%），当前肥胖率为 22.3%（9.0-35.6%），身体活动不足率为 80.7%（55.4-106.0%）。此外，代谢状况的总体流行率为高血压 25.6%（11.3-39.9%），糖尿病 7.5%（0.2-15.2%），高胆固醇 11.8%（2.1-21.5%），心血管疾病 13.0%（2.8-23.2%）。此外，男性中高胆固醇的患病率较高，女性中心脏病的患病率较高。多项逻辑回归分析表明，身体活动不足与高血压、糖尿病和心脏病有关，而肥胖与高血压、高胆固醇和心脏病有关。
本研究在哈萨克斯坦西部发现了行为危险因素和 NCD 流行情况的变化，突出了性别、年龄和地区差异。值得注意的是，男性的吸烟和饮酒率较高，而女性的身体活动不足和肥胖率较高。性别和地区差异明显，西部哈萨克斯坦地区的模式尤为突出。定制干预措施对于解决这些差异和改善该地区的公共卫生至关重要。
