Abdelfattah Amany, Samir Reham, Amin Heba M
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 26 July Mehwar Road Intersection With Wahat Road, 6Th of October, 12451, Giza, Egypt.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Nile Corniche, El Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
Gut Pathog. 2023 Sep 7;15(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s13099-023-00568-7.
Bacterial ghost cells (BGCs) are cells were drained of their genetic and cytoplasmic components. This work aimed to develop vaccine candidates against the Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) 2b serotype using the BGCs approach. For the first time, (S. flexneri) 2b serotype BGCs vaccine was prepared by incubation with Triton X-100 (TX100) for only 12 h. Its safety and immunogenicity were compared to another vaccine produced using a previously used surfactant, namely Tween 80 (TW80). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cellular DNA, protein contents measurements, and ghost cell re-cultivation were used to confirm the successful generation of the BGCs. Immunogenicity was assessed through mice's intraperitoneal (IP) immunization followed by infection with S. flexneri ATCC 12022. Finally, histopathological examination was carried out.
Viable colony forming units (CFUs) of S. flexneri were counted from stool samples as well as homogenized colon tissues of the non-immunized challenged group. Immunized mice sera showed a significant increase in serum bactericidal activity of both preparations (TX100 = 40% and TW80 = 56%) compared to the non-immunized challenged group (positive control). The IgG levels of the bacterial ghost-vaccinated groups were four and three times greater for the TX100 and TW80 ghost vaccines, respectively, compared to that of the positive control; both bacterial ghost vaccines (BGVs) were safe and effective, according to the results of the safety check tests and histopathological analysis.
When comparing the BGVs prepared using TX100 and TW80 methods, the use of TX100 as a new chemical treating agent for BGC production attained robust results in terms of shorter incubation time with the targeted cells and a strong immune response against S. flexneri 2b serotype ATCC 12022 in the IP challenge test. However, a clinical study is needed to confirm the efficacy and total safety of this novel vaccine.
细菌鬼影细胞（BGCs）是去除了遗传和细胞质成分的细胞。本研究旨在利用BGCs方法开发针对福氏志贺菌2b血清型的候选疫苗。首次通过与Triton X-100（TX100）孵育仅12小时制备了福氏志贺菌2b血清型BGCs疫苗。将其安全性和免疫原性与使用先前使用的表面活性剂吐温80（TW80）生产的另一种疫苗进行比较。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、细胞DNA、蛋白质含量测量和鬼影细胞再培养来确认BGCs的成功生成。通过小鼠腹腔内（IP）免疫，随后感染福氏志贺菌ATCC 12022来评估免疫原性。最后进行组织病理学检查。
从非免疫攻击组的粪便样本以及匀浆结肠组织中计数福氏志贺菌的活菌落形成单位（CFU）。与非免疫攻击组（阳性对照）相比，免疫小鼠血清显示两种制剂（TX100 = 40%，TW80 = 56%）的血清杀菌活性均显著增加。与阳性对照相比，TX100和TW80鬼影疫苗接种组的IgG水平分别高出四倍和三倍；根据安全性检查测试和组织病理学分析结果，两种细菌鬼影疫苗（BGVs）均安全有效。
在比较使用TX100和TW80方法制备的BGVs时，使用TX100作为BGC生产的新化学处理剂，在与靶细胞孵育时间较短以及IP攻击试验中对福氏志贺菌2b血清型ATCC 12022产生强烈免疫反应方面取得了显著成果。然而，需要进行临床研究以确认这种新型疫苗的疗效和完全安全性。
