Traore Pêngd-Wendé Habib Boussé, Tine Jean Augustin Diégane, Bassoum Oumar, Kane Abdoul, Faye Adama
Institute of Health and Development, Public Health Service, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar.
Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dalal Jamm Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
J Public Health Afr. 2023 May 30;14(7):2538. doi: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2538. eCollection 2023 Jul 26.
In this study, we aimed to determine the factors associated with hypertension, known poorly controlled hypertension, and newly diagnosed hypertension in 2015 to improve the prevention of this pathology in our country.
This was a secondary analysis of the national WHO STEPwise survey database. It had a quantitative, descriptive, and analytical aim. The sampling was done in stratification in three stages of sampling. Statistical analysis was performed using Rstudio 4.0.2 software. It was a descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analysis using binomial logistic regression for explanatory purposes.
The risk factors for being hypertensive among 18-70- year-olds in Senegal in 2015 were: having taken their blood pressure at least once in their life; having taken their cholesterol levels at least once in their life; having received advice to reduce salt consumption; having received advice on how to reduce the amount of sugar; having a lean body mass index; being overweight; being obese III; and being between 35-39 and 65-70 years old. The protective factors are: checking the salt content indicated on the labels; and consuming salt-rich dishes "often" compared to "never". The risk factors for being newly diagnosed with hypertension among 18-70-year-olds in Senegal in 2015 were: having a history of stroke; having a resting heart rate greater than 80 beats per minute; consuming palm oil; and having high fasting blood sugar. The protective factors are: having a high average number of meals eaten per week not prepared at home; checking the salt content indicated on the label; and being of female sex. The risk factors for being known to have poorly controlled hypertension among 18-70- year-olds in Senegal in 2015 were: judging their reduction in salt consumption as "very important"; and having received advice to reduce their salt consumption. The protective factors are: performing physical activity only when traveling; and limiting the consumption of salty meals.
Senegalese family cooking exposes to hypertension, small actions limiting salt consumption strongly protect against hypertension, and simple physical activity during travel strongly protects against hypertension, but the health system is very little proactive in the primordial and primary prevention of hypertension.
在本研究中，我们旨在确定与高血压、已知控制不佳的高血压以及2015年新诊断的高血压相关的因素，以改善我国对这种疾病的预防。
这是对世界卫生组织（WHO）逐步调查国家数据库的二次分析。其目的是定量、描述性和分析性的。抽样分三个阶段进行分层抽样。使用Rstudio 4.0.2软件进行统计分析。这是一种描述性、双变量和多变量分析，使用二项逻辑回归进行解释。
2015年塞内加尔18至70岁人群患高血压的风险因素包括：一生中至少测量过一次血压；一生中至少测量过一次胆固醇水平；曾接受过减少盐摄入量的建议；曾接受过如何减少糖摄入量的建议；身体质量指数偏瘦；超重；肥胖三级；年龄在35至39岁和65至70岁之间。保护因素包括：查看标签上标明的盐含量；与“从不”相比，“经常”食用含盐菜肴。2015年塞内加尔18至70岁人群新诊断为高血压的风险因素包括：有中风病史；静息心率大于每分钟80次；食用棕榈油；空腹血糖高。保护因素包括：每周在家外就餐的平均次数较多；查看标签上标明的盐含量；女性。2015年塞内加尔18至70岁人群已知高血压控制不佳的风险因素包括：认为减少盐摄入量“非常重要”；曾接受过减少盐摄入量的建议。保护因素包括：仅在旅行时进行体育活动；限制含盐餐食的摄入。
塞内加尔家庭烹饪易引发高血压，限制盐摄入量的小举措能有效预防高血压，旅行期间的简单体育活动也能有力预防高血压，但卫生系统在高血压的一级预防和初级预防方面积极性很低。
