Shriky Bana, Vigato Aryane Alves, Sepulveda Anderson Ferreira, Machado Ian Pompermayer, de Araujo Daniele Ribeiro
Department of Mechanical and Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
Natural and Human Sciences Centre, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, Bloco A, Torre 3, Lab 503-3, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, São Paulo, CEP 090210-580 Brazil.
Biophys Rev. 2023 Jul 29;15(4):475-496. doi: 10.1007/s12551-023-01093-2. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Poloxamers or Pluronics®-based nanogels are one of the most used matrices for developing delivery systems. Due to their thermoresponsive and flexible mechanical properties, they allowed the incorporation of several molecules including drugs, biomacromolecules, lipid-derivatives, polymers, and metallic, polymeric, or lipid nanocarriers. The thermogelling mechanism is driven by micelles formation and their self-assembly as phase organizations (lamellar, hexagonal, cubic) in response to microenvironmental conditions such as temperature, osmolarity, and additives incorporated. Then, different biophysical techniques have been used for investigating those structural transitions from the mechanisms to the preferential component's orientation and organization. Since the design of PL-based pharmaceutical formulations is driven by the choice of the polymer type, considering its physico-chemical properties, it is also relevant to highlight that factors inherent to the polymeric matrix can be strongly influenced by the presence of additives and how they are able to determine the nanogels biopharmaceuticals properties such as bioadhesion, drug loading, surface interaction behavior, dissolution, and release rate control. In this review, we discuss the general applicability of three of the main biophysical techniques used to characterize those systems, scattering techniques (small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering), rheology and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), connecting their supramolecular structure and insights for formulating effective therapeutic delivery systems.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-023-01093-2.
泊洛沙姆或基于普朗尼克®的纳米凝胶是开发递送系统最常用的基质之一。由于其热响应性和灵活的机械性能，它们能够包载多种分子，包括药物、生物大分子、脂质衍生物、聚合物以及金属、聚合物或脂质纳米载体。热凝胶化机制是由胶束形成及其自组装驱动的，它们会根据温度、渗透压和添加物等微环境条件形成相组织（层状、六方、立方）。然后，不同的生物物理技术已被用于研究从机制到优先组分的取向和组织的那些结构转变。由于基于PL的药物制剂的设计取决于聚合物类型的选择，考虑到其物理化学性质，还需要强调的是，聚合物基质固有的因素可能会受到添加剂的强烈影响，以及添加剂如何能够决定纳米凝胶的生物制药特性，如生物粘附性、载药量、表面相互作用行为、溶解和释放速率控制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于表征这些系统的三种主要生物物理技术的一般适用性，即散射技术（小角X射线和中子散射）、流变学和傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱（FTIR），将它们的超分子结构与制定有效治疗递送系统的见解联系起来。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s12551-023-01093-2获取的补充材料。
