Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil.
Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil.
Cells. 2023 Aug 25;12(17):2144. doi: 10.3390/cells12172144.
Despite the considerable advancements in oncology, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Drug resistance mechanisms acquired by cancer cells and inefficient drug delivery limit the therapeutic efficacy of available chemotherapeutics drugs. However, studies have demonstrated that nano-drug carriers (NDCs) can overcome these limitations. In this sense, exosomes emerge as potential candidates for NDCs. This is because exosomes have better organotropism, homing capacity, cellular uptake, and cargo release ability than synthetic NDCs. In addition, exosomes can serve as NDCs for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, this review aimed to summarize the latest advances in cell-free therapy, describing how the exosomes can contribute to each step of the carcinogenesis process and discussing how these nanosized vesicles could be explored as nano-drug carriers for chemotherapeutics.
尽管肿瘤学取得了相当大的进展，但癌症仍然是全球主要的死亡原因之一。癌细胞获得的耐药机制和低效的药物传递限制了现有化疗药物的治疗效果。然而，研究表明，纳米药物载体 (NDC) 可以克服这些限制。在这种意义上，外泌体成为 NDC 的潜在候选物。这是因为外泌体比合成 NDC 具有更好的器官靶向性、归巢能力、细胞摄取能力和货物释放能力。此外，外泌体可以作为亲水性和疏水性化疗药物的 NDC。因此，本综述旨在总结无细胞治疗的最新进展，描述外泌体如何有助于癌变过程的每一步，并讨论如何将这些纳米囊泡作为化疗药物的纳米药物载体进行探索。
