State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
J Mater Chem B. 2020 Sep 14;8(34):7591-7608. doi: 10.1039/d0tb01499k. Epub 2020 Jul 22.
In recent years, due to the limitations of the nature of therapeutic agents, many synthetic nano-delivery systems have emerged to enhance the efficacy of drugs. Extracellular vesicles are currently a class of natural nano-scale drug carriers released by cells. As a tiny vesicle with a lipid bilayer membrane that can be secreted by most cells in the body, exosomes carry and transmit important signal molecules, Therefore, they have been a research hotspot in biomedicine and biomaterials due to their size advantages and huge potential in drug therapy. Many people are optimistic about the clinical application prospects of exosomes and are actively exploring the broad functions of exosomes and developing exosome therapeutic agents to make positive contributions to human health. In this review, we provide basic knowledge and focus on summarizing the advantages of exosomes as drug carriers, methods of loading drugs, targeting strategies, in vivo and in vitro tracing methods, and some of the latest developments in exosomes as drug carriers. In particular, the review provides an outlook for this field.
近年来，由于治疗剂性质的限制，许多合成纳米递药系统的出现提高了药物的疗效。细胞外囊泡是目前一类由细胞释放的天然纳米级药物载体。外泌体是一种带有脂质双层膜的微小囊泡，可由体内大多数细胞分泌，携带并传递重要的信号分子，因此，由于其在药物治疗方面具有体积优势和巨大潜力，它们已成为生物医学和生物材料的研究热点。许多人对外泌体的临床应用前景持乐观态度，并积极探索外泌体的广泛功能和开发外泌体治疗剂，为人类健康做出积极贡献。在这篇综述中，我们提供了基础知识，并重点总结了外泌体作为药物载体的优势、载药方法、靶向策略、体内和体外示踪方法，以及外泌体作为药物载体的一些最新进展。特别是，该综述对该领域进行了展望。
