Amity Centre for Air Pollution Control (ACAPC) & Amity Centre for Ocean-Atmospheric Science and Technology (ACOAST), Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, 122412, India.
Space System Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, Netherlands.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Sep 8;195(10):1170. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11635-6.
Every year at the onset of winter season (October-November), crop residue/parali/stubble burning starts in Punjab and Haryana, leading to heavy air pollution in Delhi, and adversely affecting human and environmental health. During this time, the combination of unfavourable meteorological conditions, additional emissions from stubble burning, and firework activities in this area causes the air quality to further deteriorate. In this study, we have attempted to understand the influence of parali and firecracker incidents on air pollutants' variability over Delhi during the last three years (2020 to 2022). For this purpose, daily average particulate matter and gaseous pollutants data were fetched from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), and daily total fire counts and fire radiative power (FRP) data were retrieved from NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS). A bigger area of severe burning is suggested by higher FRP values and higher fire counts in the middle of November in all the years considered. Three years satellite-based FIRMS data over Punjab and Haryana show the highest number of active fire counts in 2021 (n = 80,505) followed by 2020 (n = 75,428), and 2022 (n = 49,194). More than 90% parali burning incidents were observed in Punjab state only despite the considerable variability in numbers among the years. The significant effect of parali burning was seen on pollutant concentration variability. As the number of fire count increases or decreases in Punjab and Haryana, there is a corresponding increase or decrease in the particulate matter concentration with a time lag of few days (1 to 2 days). The trend in backward air mass trajectories suggests that the variable response time of pollutants' concentration is due to local and distant sources with different air mass speeds. Our estimates suggest that stubble burning contributes 50-75% increment in PM and 40 to 45% increase in PM concentration between October and November. A good positive correlation between PM, PM, NO, and CO and fire counts (up to 0.8) suggests a strong influence of stubble burning on air quality over Delhi. Furthermore, the firecracker activities significantly increase the concentration of particulate matter with ~100% increment in PM and ~55% increment in PM mass concentrations for a relatively shorter period (1 to 2 days).
每年冬季（10 月至 11 月）开始时，旁遮普邦和哈里亚纳邦都会出现农作物秸秆/干草/残茬焚烧现象，导致德里空气污染严重，对人类和环境健康造成不利影响。在此期间，不利的气象条件、秸秆焚烧的额外排放以及该地区的烟花活动的综合作用，导致空气质量进一步恶化。在这项研究中，我们试图了解过去三年（2020 年至 2022 年）旁遮普邦和哈里亚纳邦焚烧干草和燃放烟花对德里地区空气污染物变化的影响。为此，我们从中央污染控制委员会（CPCB）获取了每日平均颗粒物和气态污染物数据，并从美国宇航局的火灾信息资源管理系统（FIRMS）获取了每日总火灾次数和火灾辐射功率（FRP）数据。在所有考虑的年份中，11 月中旬 FRP 值较高且火灾次数较高的地区表明存在更大面积的严重燃烧。三年的旁遮普邦和哈里亚纳邦卫星 FIRMS 数据显示，2021 年（n=80505）的活跃火灾次数最多，其次是 2020 年（n=75428）和 2022 年（n=49194）。尽管每年的数量存在相当大的差异，但旁遮普邦仅观察到超过 90%的焚烧干草事件。焚烧干草对污染物浓度变化有显著影响。随着旁遮普邦和哈里亚纳邦火灾次数的增加或减少，颗粒物浓度也会相应增加或减少，时间滞后为 1 至 2 天。后向气团轨迹的趋势表明，污染物浓度的可变响应时间是由于具有不同气团速度的本地和远距离源造成的。我们的估计表明，10 月至 11 月期间，秸秆焚烧使 PM 增加 50-75%，使 PM 浓度增加 40-45%。PM、PM、NO 和 CO 与火灾次数之间存在良好的正相关关系（高达 0.8），表明秸秆焚烧对德里地区空气质量有很大影响。此外，烟花活动在相对较短的时间内（1 至 2 天）使颗粒物浓度显著增加，PM 增加约 100%，PM 质量浓度增加约 55%。
