Saporito Antonio F, Gordon Terry, Kim Beck, Huynh Tri, Khan Rahanna, Raja Amna, Terez Kristin, Camacho-Rivera Nicole, Gordon Rachel, Gardella Julie, Katsigeorgis Maria, Graham Rodney, Kluz Thomas, Costa Max, Luglio David
Division of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2025 Apr;35(2):214-222. doi: 10.1038/s41370-024-00701-x. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
Pyrotechnic displays often lead to significant increases in poor air quality. The widespread environmental fate-involving air, water, and spatial-temporal analyses-of fireworks-produced pollutants has seldom been investigated.
This study examined the environmental fate of pollutants from the largest fireworks event in the U.S.: Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks show in New York City (NYC).
Real-time PM and gravimetric PM and PM were collected at locations along the East River of NYC. Airborne particles were assayed for trace elements (X-ray fluorescence) and organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC). River water samples were evaluated by ICP-MS for heavy-metal water contamination. Spatial-temporal analyses were created using PM concentrations reported by both EPA and PurpleAir monitoring networks for NYC and 5 other major metropolitan areas.
The fireworks event resulted in large increases in PM mass concentrations at the river-adjacent sampling locations. While background control PM was 10-15 µg/m, peak real-time PM levels exceeded 3000 µg/m at one site and 1000 µg/m at two other locations. The integrated gravimetric PM and PM concentrations during the fireworks event ranged from 162 to 240 µg/m and 252 to 589 µg/m, respectively. Zn, Pb, Sb, and Cu more than doubled in river water samples taken after the event, while S, K, Ba, Cu, Mg, Fe, Sr, Ti, and Zn increased in airborne PM from the fireworks. Data from hyperlocal monitoring networks for NYC and other metropolitan areas yielded similar, but generally smaller, increases in PM levels.
Fireworks shows have been associated with environmental contamination. This comprehensive analysis considers the fate of pollutants from the largest annual U.S. pyrotechnic show through air, water, and hyperlocal temporal characterization.
烟火表演常常导致空气质量显著恶化。涉及烟花产生的污染物在空气、水以及时空方面的广泛环境归宿很少被研究。
本研究调查了美国最大的烟花活动——纽约市梅西百货公司独立日烟花表演中污染物的环境归宿。
在纽约市东河沿岸的地点采集实时颗粒物、重量法测定的颗粒物以及细颗粒物。对空气中的颗粒物进行微量元素（X射线荧光法）以及有机碳和元素碳（OC/EC）分析。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法评估河水样本中的重金属水污染情况。利用美国环境保护局（EPA）和PurpleAir监测网络报告的纽约市及其他5个主要大都市地区的颗粒物浓度进行时空分析。
烟花表演导致紧邻河流的采样地点的颗粒物质量浓度大幅增加。背景对照颗粒物浓度为10 - 15微克/立方米，而在一个地点实时颗粒物峰值水平超过3000微克/立方米，在另外两个地点超过1000微克/立方米。烟花表演期间重量法测定的细颗粒物和粗颗粒物综合浓度分别为162至240微克/立方米和252至589微克/立方米。活动结束后采集的河水样本中锌、铅、锑和铜的含量增加了一倍多，而烟花产生的空气中的颗粒物中硫、钾、钡、铜、镁、铁、锶、钛和锌含量增加。来自纽约市及其他大都市地区超本地监测网络的数据显示颗粒物水平有类似但通常较小幅度的增加。
烟花表演与环境污染有关。这项综合分析通过空气、水以及超本地时间特征考虑了美国最大年度烟花表演中污染物的归宿。
