Deptuła Milena, Zawrzykraj Małgorzata, Sawicka Justyna, Banach-Kopeć Adrianna, Tylingo Robert, Pikuła Michał
Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
Department of Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Nov;167:115416. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115416. Epub 2023 Sep 6.
Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks with hydrophilic properties. The modifiable properties of hydrogels and the structure resembling living tissue allow their versatile application. Therefore, increasing attention is focused on the use of hydrogels as bioinks for three-dimensional (3D) printing in tissue engineering. Bioprinting involves the fabrication of complex structures from several types of materials, cells, and bioactive compounds. Stem cells (SC), such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are frequently employed in 3D constructs. SCs have desirable biological properties such as the ability to differentiate into various types of tissue and high proliferative capacity. Encapsulating SCs in 3D hydrogel constructs enhances their reparative abilities and improves the likelihood of reaching target tissues. In addition, created constructs can simulate the tissue environment and mimic biological signals. Importantly, the immunogenicity of scaffolds is minimized through the use of patient-specific cells and the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the employed biopolymers. Regenerative medicine is taking advantage of the aforementioned capabilities in regenerating various tissues- muscle, bones, nerves, heart, skin, and cartilage.
水凝胶是具有亲水性的三维聚合物网络。水凝胶的可修饰特性以及类似于活组织的结构使其具有广泛的应用。因此，水凝胶作为组织工程中三维（3D）打印的生物墨水受到越来越多的关注。生物打印涉及使用多种类型的材料、细胞和生物活性化合物制造复杂结构。干细胞（SC），如间充质基质细胞（MSC），经常用于3D构建体中。干细胞具有理想的生物学特性，如能够分化为各种类型的组织以及高增殖能力。将干细胞封装在3D水凝胶构建体中可增强其修复能力，并提高到达靶组织的可能性。此外，创建的构建体可以模拟组织环境并模仿生物信号。重要的是，通过使用患者特异性细胞以及所用生物聚合物的生物相容性和生物降解性，可将支架的免疫原性降至最低。再生医学正在利用上述能力来再生各种组织——肌肉、骨骼、神经、心脏、皮肤和软骨。
