Quantitative Chest X-ray Radiomics for Therapy Response Monitoring in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the second leading cause of death globally from a single infectious agent, and there is a critical need to develop improved imaging biomarkers and aid rapid assessments of responses to therapy. We aimed to utilize radiomics, a rapidly developing image analysis tool, to develop a scoring system for this purpose. A chest X-ray radiomics score (RadScore) was developed by implementing a unique segmentation method, followed by feature extraction and parameter map construction. Signature parameter maps that showed a high correlation to lung pathology were consolidated into four frequency bins to obtain the RadScore. A clinical score (TBscore) and a radiological score (RLscore) were also developed based on existing scoring algorithms. The correlation between the change in the three scores, calculated from serial X-rays taken while patients received TB therapy, was evaluated using Spearman's correlation. Poor correlations were observed between the changes in the TBscore and the RLscore (0.09 (-value = 0.36)) and the TBscore and the RadScore (0.02 (-value 0.86)). The changes in the RLscore and the RadScore had a much stronger correlation of 0.22, which is statistically significant (-value 0.02). This shows that the developed RadScore has the potential to be a quantitative monitoring tool for responses to therapy.