Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2023 Dec;12(30):e2301111. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202301111. Epub 2023 Sep 17.
This study investigates the effect of porosity and pore shape on the biological and mechanical behavior of additively manufactured scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Polylactic acid scaffolds with varying porosity levels (15-78%) and pore shapes, including regular (rectangular pores), gyroid, and diamond (triply periodic minimal surfaces) structures, are fabricated by fused filament fabrication. Murine-derived macrophages and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) are seeded onto the scaffolds. The compressive behavior and surface morphology of the scaffolds are characterized. The results show that scaffolds with 15%, 30%, and 45% porosity display the highest rate of macrophage and hBMSC growth. Gyroid and diamond scaffolds exhibit a higher rate of macrophage proliferation, while diamond scaffolds exhibit a higher rate of hBMSC proliferation. Additionally, gyroid and diamond scaffolds exhibit better compressive behavior compared to regular scaffolds. Of particular note, diamond scaffolds have the highest compressive modulus and strength. Surface morphology characterization indicates that the surface roughness of diamond and gyroid scaffolds is greater than that of regular scaffolds at the same porosity level, which is beneficial for cell attachment and proliferation. This study provides valuable insights into porosity and pore shape selection for additively manufactured scaffolds in BTE.
本研究探讨了孔隙率和孔形状对用于骨组织工程（BTE）的增材制造支架的生物学和机械性能的影响。通过熔融纤维制造制造了具有不同孔隙率水平（15-78％）和孔形状的聚乳酸支架，包括规则（矩形孔）、胞元（gyroid）和钻石（三重周期性最小表面）结构。将鼠源性巨噬细胞和人骨髓间充质基质细胞（hBMSCs）接种到支架上。对支架的压缩行为和表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明，孔隙率为 15％、30％和 45％的支架显示出最高的巨噬细胞和 hBMSC 生长速率。胞元和钻石支架表现出更高的巨噬细胞增殖率，而钻石支架则表现出更高的 hBMSC 增殖率。此外，胞元和钻石支架与规则支架相比表现出更好的压缩性能。值得注意的是，钻石支架具有最高的压缩模量和强度。表面形貌表征表明，在相同孔隙率水平下，钻石和胞元支架的表面粗糙度大于规则支架，这有利于细胞附着和增殖。本研究为 BTE 中增材制造支架的孔隙率和孔形状选择提供了有价值的见解。
