Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Research Institute for Future Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
J Nutr. 2023 Nov;153(11):3193-3206. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.002. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
Despite compositional alterations in gastrointestinal microbiota being purported to underpin some of the therapeutic effects of ginger, the effect of a standardized ginger supplement on gut microbiota has not been tested in humans.
To determine the effect of a standardized ginger (Zingiber officinale) root powder, compared to placebo, on gastrointestinal bacteria and associated outcomes in healthy adults.
A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial allocated participants aged 18 to 30 y to ginger or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) placebo. The intervention comprised 1.2 g/d of ginger (4 capsules per day totaling 84 mg/d of active gingerols/shogaols) for 14 d following a 1-wk run-in period. Primary outcomes were gastrointestinal community composition, alpha and beta diversity, and differential abundance, measured using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. Secondary outcomes were gastrointestinal symptoms, bowel function, depression, anxiety, stress, fatigue, quality of life, and adverse events.
Fifty-one participants were enrolled and analyzed (71% female; mean age 25 ± 3 y; ginger: n = 29, placebo: n = 22). There was a greater increase in relative abundance of phylum, Actinobacteria, observed following ginger supplementation compared to placebo (U: 145.0; z: -2.1; P = 0.033). Ginger was associated with a greater abundance of the genera Parabacteroides, Bacillus, Ruminococcaceae incertae sedis, unclassified Bacilli, families Defluviitaleaceae, Morganellaceae, and Bacillaceae as well as lower abundance of the genus Blautia and family Sphingomonadaceae (P < 0.05). An improvement in indigestion symptoms was observed with ginger supplementation (U: 196.0; z: -2.4; P = 0.015). No differences between ginger and placebo groups were found for alpha and beta diversity or other secondary outcomes. No moderate or severe adverse events were reported.
Supplementation with ginger root powder was safe and altered aspects of gastrointestinal bacteria composition; however, it did not change alpha- or beta diversity, bowel function, gastrointestinal symptoms, mood, or quality of life in healthy adults. These results provide further understanding regarding the mechanisms of action of ginger supplementation. This trial was registered in the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12620000302954p and the Therapeutic Goods Administration as CT-2020-CTN-00380-1.
尽管胃肠道微生物群落的组成改变被认为是姜的一些治疗效果的基础，但标准化姜（Zingiber officinale）根粉对肠道微生物群的影响尚未在人类中得到测试。
确定标准化姜根粉与安慰剂相比，对健康成年人的胃肠道细菌和相关结果的影响。
一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验将年龄在 18 至 30 岁的参与者分配到姜或微晶纤维素（MCC）安慰剂组。干预措施包括在 1 周的适应期后，每天服用 1.2 g 的姜（每天 4 粒，总计 84 mg/d 的活性姜酚/姜烯），持续 14 天。主要结局指标是使用粪便样本 16S rRNA 基因测序测量胃肠道群落组成、alpha 和 beta 多样性以及差异丰度。次要结局指标是胃肠道症状、肠道功能、抑郁、焦虑、压力、疲劳、生活质量和不良事件。
共招募并分析了 51 名参与者（71%为女性；平均年龄 25±3 岁；姜组：n=29，安慰剂组：n=22）。与安慰剂相比，姜补充剂后观察到厚壁菌门（Actinobacteria）相对丰度增加（U：145.0；z：-2.1；P=0.033）。姜与 Parabacteroides、Bacillus、Ruminococcaceae incertae sedis、未分类的 Bacilli、Defluviitaleaceae、Morganellaceae 和 Bacillaceae 属的丰度增加以及 Blautia 和 Sphingomonadaceae 属的丰度降低有关（P<0.05）。姜补充剂可改善消化不良症状（U：196.0；z：-2.4；P=0.015）。姜组和安慰剂组在 alpha 和 beta 多样性或其他次要结局方面无差异。未报告中度或重度不良事件。
姜根粉补充剂安全，并改变了胃肠道细菌组成的某些方面；然而，它并没有改变健康成年人的 alpha 或 beta 多样性、肠道功能、胃肠道症状、情绪或生活质量。这些结果提供了对姜补充剂作用机制的进一步了解。该试验在澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验注册处注册为 ACTRN12620000302954p，在治疗商品管理局注册为 CT-2020-CTN-00380-1。
