Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China.
Helicobacter. 2023 Dec;28(6):e13020. doi: 10.1111/hel.13020. Epub 2023 Sep 10.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, microaerobic bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa in about half of the world's population. H. pylori infection can lead to various diseases. Chronic infection by H. pylori exposes the gastric mucosa to bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and several toxic proteins. Infected with H. pylori activates the release of pro-inflammatory factors and triggers inflammatory responses that damage the gastric mucosa. As the only microorganism that permanently colonizes the human stomach, H. pylori can suppress host immunity to achieve long-term colonization. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in T-cell activation, promoting innate immune responses and immune tolerance during H. pylori infection. Among the 10 TLRs found in humans, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 have been thoroughly investigated in relation to H. pylori-linked immune regulation. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the various mechanisms employed by different TLRs in the induction of immune tolerance upon H. pylori infection, which will contribute to the research of pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori.
幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）是一种革兰氏阴性、微需氧细菌，约有一半的世界人口的胃黏膜中定植有这种细菌。H. pylori 感染可导致多种疾病。慢性 H. pylori 感染使胃黏膜暴露于细菌成分，如脂多糖（LPS）、外膜囊泡（OMVs）和几种毒性蛋白。感染 H. pylori 会激活促炎因子的释放，并引发炎症反应，从而损伤胃黏膜。作为唯一永久定植于人类胃内的微生物，H. pylori 可以抑制宿主免疫以实现长期定植。Toll 样受体（TLRs）在 T 细胞激活中发挥关键作用，促进 H. pylori 感染期间的固有免疫反应和免疫耐受。在人类发现的 10 种 TLRs 中，TLR2、TLR4、TLR5 和 TLR9 已被深入研究与 H. pylori 相关的免疫调节。在本综述中，我们全面分析了不同 TLRs 在 H. pylori 感染诱导免疫耐受中的各种机制，这将有助于研究 H. pylori 的致病机制。
