Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Front Immunol. 2023 Aug 25;14:1242380. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242380. eCollection 2023.
Vaccines can have beneficial off-target (heterologous) effects that alter immune responses to, and protect against, unrelated infections. The heterologous effects of COVID-19 vaccines have not been investigated in children.
To investigate heterologous and specific immunological effects of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in children.
A whole blood stimulation assay was used to investigate cytokine responses to heterologous stimulants (killed pathogens, Toll-like receptor ligands) and SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Samples from 29 children, aged 5-11 years, before and 28 days after a second BNT162b2 vaccination were analysed (V2 + 28). Samples from eight children were analysed six months after BNT162b2 vaccination.
At V2 + 28, interferon-γ and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 responses to , , . , BCG vaccine, , hepatitis B antigen, poly(I:C) and R848 stimulations were decreased compared to pre-vaccination. For most of these heterologous stimulants, IL-6, IL-15 and IL-17 responses were also decreased. There were sustained decreases in cytokine responses to viral, but not bacterial, stimulants six months after BNT162b2 vaccination. Cytokine responses to irradiated SARS-CoV-2, and spike glycoprotein subunits (S1 and S2) were increased at V2 + 28 for most cytokines and remained higher than pre-vaccination responses 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination for irradiated SARS-CoV-2 and S1. There was no correlation between BNT162b2 vaccination-induced anti-SARS-CoV2-receptor binding domain IgG antibody titre at V2 + 28 and cytokine responses.
BNT162b2 vaccination in children alters cytokine responses to heterologous stimulants, particularly one month after vaccination. This study is the first to report the immunological heterologous effects of COVID-19 vaccination in children.
疫苗具有有益的非靶向（异源）效应，可以改变对不相关感染的免疫反应并提供保护。尚未在儿童中研究 COVID-19 疫苗的异源效应。
研究 BNT162b2 COVID-19 疫苗在儿童中的异源和特异性免疫效应。
使用全血刺激测定法研究异源刺激物（已杀死的病原体、Toll 样受体配体）和 SARS-CoV-2 抗原引起的细胞因子反应。分析了 29 名 5-11 岁儿童在第二次 BNT162b2 接种前后 28 天（V2+28）的样本。对 8 名儿童在 BNT162b2 接种后 6 个月进行了样本分析。
在 V2+28 时，与接种前相比，干扰素-γ和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1对 、 、 、卡介苗、 、乙型肝炎抗原、聚（I:C）和 R848 刺激物的反应降低。对于大多数这些异源刺激物，IL-6、IL-15 和 IL-17 的反应也降低了。在 BNT162b2 接种后 6 个月，对病毒但不是细菌刺激物的细胞因子反应持续降低。在 V2+28 时，对辐照的 SARS-CoV-2 和刺突糖蛋白亚基（S1 和 S2）的细胞因子反应大多数细胞因子增加，并且在 BNT162b2 接种后 6 个月仍高于接种前对辐照的 SARS-CoV-2 和 S1 的反应。在 V2+28 时，BNT162b2 疫苗诱导的抗 SARS-CoV2-受体结合域 IgG 抗体滴度与细胞因子反应之间没有相关性。
在儿童中接种 BNT162b2 改变了对异源刺激物的细胞因子反应，特别是在接种后一个月。本研究首次报道了 COVID-19 疫苗在儿童中的免疫异源效应。
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