Youssef Fadia S, Gamal El-Din Mariam I, El-Beshbishy Hesham A, Ashour Mohamed L, Singab Abdel-Nasser B
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia.
ACS Omega. 2023 Aug 24;8(35):31928-31940. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03679. eCollection 2023 Sep 5.
The genus Eremophila, despite comprising more than 250 species, has scarce literature studies that could be traced concerning the chemical profile and bioactivity of The current study targets the investigation of the and anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and hepatoprotective potential of the polyphenol-rich leaf extract of (EP). EP showed promising total anti-oxidant capacity with IC values of 106 and 114 μg/mL in 2,2'-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]-diammonium salt (ABTS) and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively, with total anti-oxidant capacities of 331, 245, and 1767 μmol/g in ABTS, DPPH, and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power assays, respectively. In HepG2 cells, pre-treated with CCl, a dose of 100 μg/mL EP ameliorated the reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels and total anti-oxidant capacity with values of 312.5 U/mL, 15.47 mg/dL, and 1.03 nmol/mL, respectively. anti-diabetic evaluation using 3T3-L1 adipocyte culture showed that at a dose of 30 μg/mL, the EP extract elicited a 6.3% decrease in the concentration of glucose (22.4 mmol/L), showing significant amelioration with regard to pioglitazone and insulin. EP also demonstrated elevated serum insulin by 77.78% with a marked reduction in fasting blood glucose level by 64.55% relative to the streptozotocin diabetic rats . EP also relieved the liver stress markers both in CCl and in tamoxifen (TAM) models. EP markedly decreased TAM toxicity, as demonstrated by the decline in the liver stress markers, ALT and AST, by 36.1 and 51.1%, respectively. It also relieved the oxidative stress triggered by TAM, as revealed by the reduction in the levels of TBARs and TNF-α by 21.4 and 40%, respectively. Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of EP revealed a total of twelve peaks belonging to phenylpropanoids, lignans, and phenolics, where verbascoside and pinoresinol-4-O-β-d-glucoside represented the most abundant secondary metabolites. The docking experiment showed that tri-O-galloyl-hexoside had the best fitting within the NADPH oxidase active sites with binding energy (Δ = -81.12 kcal/mol). Thus, the plant can be of beneficial value in the control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients, besides its prophylactic potential against hepatic complications.
沙巴拉属（Eremophila）植物尽管包含250多个物种，但关于其化学特征和生物活性的文献研究却很少。目前的研究旨在调查沙巴拉属植物富含多酚的叶提取物（EP）的抗氧化、抗高血糖和肝脏保护潜力。在2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）和二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）试验中，EP分别显示出有前景的总抗氧化能力，IC值分别为106和114μg/mL，在ABTS、DPPH和铁还原抗氧化能力试验中的总抗氧化能力分别为331、245和1767μmol/g。在经四氯化碳预处理的HepG2细胞中，100μg/mL剂量的EP改善了超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽水平的降低以及总抗氧化能力，其值分别为312.5U/mL、15.47mg/dL和1.03nmol/mL。使用3T3-L1脂肪细胞培养进行的抗糖尿病评估表明，在30μg/mL剂量下，EP提取物使葡萄糖浓度（22.4mmol/L）降低了6.3%，与吡格列酮和胰岛素相比有显著改善。相对于链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠，EP还使血清胰岛素升高了77.78%，空腹血糖水平显著降低了64.55%。在四氯化碳和他莫昔芬（TAM）模型中，EP也减轻了肝脏应激标志物。EP显著降低了TAM毒性，如肝脏应激标志物谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）分别下降了36.1%和51.1%所示。它还减轻了TAM引发的氧化应激，如丙二醛（TBARs）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平分别降低了21.4%和40%所示。EP的液相色谱电喷雾电离质谱分析显示共有12个峰，属于苯丙素类、木脂素类和酚类，其中毛蕊花糖苷和松脂醇-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷是最丰富的次生代谢产物。对接实验表明，三-O-没食子酰己糖苷在NADPH氧化酶活性位点内的拟合最佳，结合能（Δ = -81.12kcal/mol）。因此，除了其对肝脏并发症的预防潜力外，该植物在控制糖尿病患者的高血糖方面可能具有有益价值。
