Villacís José E, Castelán-Sánchez Hugo G, Rojas-Vargas Jorge, Rodríguez-Cruz Ulises E, Albán Viviana, Reyes Jorge A, Meza-Rodríguez Pablo M, Dávila-Ramos Sonia, Villavicencio Fernando, Galarza Margarita, Gestal Monica C
Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, "Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez," Quito, Ecuador.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Aug 24;14:1216008. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216008. eCollection 2023.
The purpose of this study was to highlight the clinical and molecular features of 13 strains isolated from clinical environments in Ecuador, and to perform comparative genomics with previously published genomes of spp. As is primarily found in environmental, clinical settings, we focused our work on identifying mechanisms of resistance that can provide this bacterium an advantage to establish and persist in hospital environments.
We analyzed 13 strains of isolated from patients with healthcare associated infections (HAI) in three hospitals in Quito and one in Santo Domingo de Los Tsáchilas, Ecuador, between November 2017 and April 2018. These isolates were subjected to phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of carbapenemases and whole-genome sequencing.
Polymerase chain reaction revealed that seven isolates were positive isolates for and one for gene. Of the seven strains that presented the gene, six harbored it on an IncFII plasmid, one was inserted into the bacterial chromosome. The gene was detected in an IncM2/IncR plasmid. From the bioinformatics analysis, nine genomes had the gene , originating from Ecuador. Moreover, all strains contained the ORN-1 gene, which confers resistance for β-lactams, such as penicillins and cephalosporins. Comparative genome analysis of the strains showed that the pangenome of is considered an open pangenome, with 27.77% of core genes, which could be explained by the fact that the antibiotic resistance genes in the ancestral reconstruction are relatively new, suggesting that this genome is constantly incorporating new genes.
These results reveal the genome plasticity of , particularly in acquiring antibiotic-resistance genes. The genomic surveillance and infectious control of these uncommon species are important since they may contribute to the burden of antimicrobial resistance and human health.
本研究旨在突出从厄瓜多尔临床环境中分离出的13株菌株的临床和分子特征，并与先前发表的某菌种基因组进行比较基因组学研究。由于该菌主要存在于环境和临床环境中，我们将工作重点放在确定可使该细菌在医院环境中得以定植和持续存在的耐药机制上。
我们分析了2017年11月至2018年4月期间从厄瓜多尔基多的三家医院和圣多明各-德洛萨奇拉斯的一家医院的医疗保健相关感染（HAI）患者中分离出的13株该菌。这些分离株进行了表型抗菌药物敏感性测试、终点聚合酶链反应（PCR）以检测碳青霉烯酶的存在以及全基因组测序。
聚合酶链反应显示，7株分离株对某基因呈阳性，1株对另一基因呈阳性。在呈现该基因的7株菌株中，6株在IncFII质粒上携带该基因，1株插入细菌染色体。该基因在IncM2/IncR质粒中被检测到。通过生物信息学分析，9个基因组具有源自厄瓜多尔的某基因。此外，所有该菌株都含有ORN - 1基因，该基因赋予对β-内酰胺类抗生素（如青霉素和头孢菌素）的耐药性。对这些菌株的比较基因组分析表明，该菌的泛基因组被认为是一个开放泛基因组，核心基因占27.77%，这可以通过祖先重建中的抗生素耐药基因相对较新来解释，表明该基因组在不断纳入新基因。
这些结果揭示了该菌的基因组可塑性，特别是在获取抗生素耐药基因方面。对这些不常见菌种的基因组监测和感染控制很重要，因为它们可能导致抗菌药物耐药负担并影响人类健康。
