Mohd Ahmed B, Alabdallat Yasmeen, Mohd Omar B, Ghannam Reem A, Sawaqed Seri, Hasan Hanan, Ellebedy Mohamed, Turkmani Khaled, Al-Ezzi Shakir
Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, JOR.
Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, JOR.
Cureus. 2023 Aug 10;15(8):e43263. doi: 10.7759/cureus.43263. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Carotid artery stenosis is a condition where the carotid artery is blocked by fatty cholesterol deposits called plaque, increasing the risk of stroke. Elderly individuals with high cardiovascular risk are more susceptible, along with smokers, those with high cholesterol, males, and older individuals. Young females may also be affected by fibromuscular dysplasia. Carotid stenosis significantly raises stroke risk, and the severity is closely linked to stroke incidence and other cardiovascular events. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent complications. Treatment options include medical and surgical interventions, such as carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS). The choice between surgery and medical management varies depending on patient characteristics and risk factors. This review explores carotid artery stenosis pathophysiology, risk factors, the importance of early detection and treatment, and the surgical approaches of CEA and CAS, addressing their roles and controversies. Healthcare professionals must understand these aspects to provide optimal care to patients with this condition.
颈动脉狭窄是一种由于被称为斑块的脂肪胆固醇沉积物阻塞颈动脉而导致的病症，会增加中风风险。心血管风险高的老年人更容易患病，吸烟者、高胆固醇者、男性以及年长者也是如此。年轻女性也可能受纤维肌发育异常影响。颈动脉狭窄会显著提高中风风险，其严重程度与中风发生率及其他心血管事件密切相关。早期检测和治疗对于预防并发症至关重要。治疗选择包括药物和手术干预，如颈动脉内膜切除术（CEA）和颈动脉支架置入术（CAS）。手术与药物治疗之间的选择因患者特征和风险因素而异。本综述探讨了颈动脉狭窄的病理生理学、风险因素、早期检测和治疗的重要性以及CEA和CAS的手术方法，阐述了它们的作用和争议点。医疗保健专业人员必须了解这些方面，以便为患有这种病症的患者提供最佳护理。
