印度农民职业性有机磷农药残留二烷基磷酸代谢物浓度：暴露和危害评估的意义。
Residual Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolite Concentrations of Organophosphate Pesticides Among Indian Farmworkers: Implication of Exposure and Hazard Assessment.
机构信息
From the Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India (S.L., A.P., J.V., P.Y., S.B.K., M.N., P.J.); Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India (S.L.); and Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India (B.J.).
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2023 Nov 1;65(11):e722-e731. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002960. Epub 2023 Sep 2.
OBJECTIVE
Biomonitoring of urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, a sensitive biomarker to assess pesticides exposure and also to study the impact of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
METHODS
A preintervention-postintervention study to biomonitor dimethylphosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyl-dithiophosphate using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry among Indian farmworkers (n = 120).
RESULTS
Dimethylphosphate was detected in all samples at a mean concentration of 74.91 μg · L -1 (17.616 μg · g -1 creatinine), whereas diethylthiophosphate and diethyl-dithiophosphate were detected in 88% and 82% of samples, respectively, among farmworkers who adopted unsafe pesticide-handling practices. Intervention studies showed a significant reduction in the urinary DAP metabolites detected among the farmworkers using PPE provided to them ( P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Study confirms the exposure to pesticides among farmworkers and highlights the importance of the use of PPE to minimize exposure.
目的
生物监测尿中二烷基磷酸酯（DAP）代谢物，这是一种评估农药暴露的敏感生物标志物，也可用于研究个人防护设备（PPE）使用的影响。
方法
在印度农民（n=120）中使用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行干预前-干预后研究，以监测二甲基磷酸酯、二乙基磷酸酯、二乙基硫代磷酸酯和二乙基二硫代磷酸酯。
结果
在所有样本中均检测到二甲基磷酸酯，其平均浓度为 74.91μg·L-1（17.616μg·g-1 肌酐），而在采用不安全农药处理方法的农民中，分别有 88%和 82%的样本检测到二乙基硫代磷酸酯和二乙基二硫代磷酸酯。干预研究表明，使用提供给他们的个人防护设备（PPE）的农民尿液中二烷基磷酸酯代谢物的检测显著减少（P<0.01）。
结论
该研究证实了农民接触农药的情况，并强调了使用 PPE 以最小化接触的重要性。
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