The University of Edinburgh (Professor Emeritus), Edinburgh, UK.
J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2024 Jul;210(4):513-525. doi: 10.1007/s00359-023-01648-4. Epub 2023 Sep 12.
The identity and nature of the photoperiodic photoreceptors are now quite well known, as is the nature of the endocrine regulation of the resulting diapauses. The central problem of time measurement-how the photoperiodic clock differentiates long from short days-however, is still obscure, known only from whole-animal experiments and abstract models, although it is clearly a function of the insect circadian system. This review describes some of these experiments in terms of oscillator entrainment and two widely applicable photoperiodic clock models, external and internal coincidence, mainly using data from experiments on flesh flies (Sarcophaga spp) and the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis.
光周期感光器的身份和性质现在已经相当清楚，由此产生的滞育的内分泌调节的性质也是如此。然而，时间测量的核心问题——光周期钟如何区分长日和短日——仍然不清楚，仅从整体动物实验和抽象模型中得知，尽管它显然是昆虫生物钟系统的一个功能。本综述根据振荡器驯化和两种广泛适用的光周期钟模型（外部和内部重合）来描述其中一些实验，主要使用来自肉蝇（Sarcophaga spp）和寄生蜂，Nasonia vitripennis 的实验数据。
