2019 年美国黑人和白人 HIV 感染者的发病率、患病率和死亡率。

The Incidence, Prevalence and Mortality Rates of Black and White Persons with HIV in the United States in 2019.

机构信息

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), United States Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland, 20857, USA.

出版信息

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Dec;11(6):3410-3415. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01794-0. Epub 2023 Sep 11.

DOI:10.1007/s40615-023-01794-0

PMID:37697144

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

This study examines the experience of non-Hispanic Black Americans (hereinafter referred to as Black persons) and non-Hispanic White Americans (hereinafter referred to as White persons) with regard to the incidence (i.e., number of persons diagnosed with HIV), prevalence (i.e., number of persons living with HIV), and mortality rates of persons with HIV in the United States in 2019. With regard to mortality rates, this study examines the mortality rate of all Black persons and White persons with HIV in 2019 as well as the mortality rate of hospitalized Black persons and White persons with HIV in 2019.

METHODS

Data on the racial characteristics of all persons in the United States in 2019 were obtained from the United States Census Bureau, and data on the racial characteristics of all persons with HIV in the United States were obtained from HIV Surveillance Reports produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In addition, data on all hospital patients in seven states (California, Florida, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, South Carolina and Wisconsin) in 2019 were obtained from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Hospital Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Database (SID). These seven states included 44 percent of all persons living with HIV in the United States in 2019.

RESULTS

This study found that Black persons were more likely to be diagnosed with HIV, live with HIV, and die with HIV than White persons in the United States. This is illustrated by the fact that in 2019 Black persons comprised 13.4 percent of the population, yet they comprised 42.1 percent of persons diagnosed with HIV, 40.4 percent of persons living with HIV, and 42.9 percent of persons who died with HIV. By comparison, in 2019 White persons comprised 76.3 percent of the population, yet they comprised 24.8 percent of persons diagnosed with HIV, 29.1 percent of persons living with HIV, and 31.8 percent of persons who died with HIV. Nevertheless, this study did not find a statistically significant difference between the in-hospital mortality rates of Black and White persons in seven states in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

The burden of HIV was considerably greater on Black persons than White persons in the United States in 2019.

摘要

引言

本研究考察了非西班牙裔黑种美国人（以下简称黑人）和非西班牙裔白种美国人（以下简称白人）在 2019 年美国的艾滋病毒发病率（即被诊断出艾滋病毒的人数）、患病率（即携带艾滋病毒的人数）和死亡率方面的经历。关于死亡率，本研究还考察了 2019 年所有携带艾滋病毒的黑人和白人的死亡率，以及 2019 年住院的携带艾滋病毒的黑人和白人的死亡率。

方法

本研究从美国人口普查局获取了 2019 年美国所有人的种族特征数据，从疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的艾滋病毒监测报告中获取了 2019 年美国所有携带艾滋病毒的人的种族特征数据。此外，本研究还从医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心（CMS）的医疗保险支付政策研究项目（HCUP）州住院患者数据库（SID）获取了 2019 年加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、密歇根州、新泽西州、纽约州、南卡罗来纳州和威斯康星州七个州的所有住院患者数据。这七个州包括 2019 年美国所有携带艾滋病毒的人中的 44%。

结果

本研究发现，与白人相比，黑人在美国更有可能被诊断出患有艾滋病毒，携带艾滋病毒，死于艾滋病毒。这一点可以从以下事实中看出，2019 年，黑人占人口的 13.4%，但他们占被诊断出患有艾滋病毒的人数的 42.1%，占携带艾滋病毒的人数的 40.4%，占死于艾滋病毒的人数的 42.9%。相比之下，2019 年，白人占人口的 76.3%，但他们占被诊断出患有艾滋病毒的人数的 24.8%，占携带艾滋病毒的人数的 29.1%，占死于艾滋病毒的人数的 31.8%。然而，本研究并未发现 2019 年七个州黑人与白人的住院死亡率之间存在统计学上的显著差异。