Chai Jijie, Song Wen, Parker Jane E
Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2023 Aug;36(8):468-475. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-05-23-0073-HH. Epub 2023 Sep 11.
While working for the United States Department of Agriculture on the North Dakota Agricultural College campus in Fargo, North Dakota, in the 1940s and 1950s, Harold H. Flor formulated the genetic principles for coevolving plant host-pathogen interactions that govern disease resistance or susceptibility. His 'gene-for-gene' legacy runs deep in modern plant pathology and continues to inform molecular models of plant immune recognition and signaling. In this review, we discuss recent biochemical insights to plant immunity conferred by nucleotide-binding domain/leucine-rich-repeat (NLR) receptors, which are major gene-for-gene resistance determinants in nature and cultivated crops. Structural and biochemical analyses of pathogen-activated NLR oligomers (resistosomes) reveal how different NLR subtypes converge in various ways on calcium (Ca) signaling to promote pathogen immunity and host cell death. Especially striking is the identification of nucleotide-based signals generated enzymatically by plant toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain NLRs. These small molecules are part of an emerging family of TIR-produced cyclic and noncyclic nucleotide signals that steer immune and cell-death responses in bacteria, mammals, and plants. A combined genetic, molecular, and biochemical understanding of plant NLR activation and signaling provides exciting new opportunities for combatting diseases in crops. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
20世纪40年代和50年代，哈罗德·H·弗洛尔在北达科他州法戈市北达科他农业学院校区为美国农业部工作期间，阐述了共同进化的植物宿主-病原体相互作用中决定抗病性或感病性的遗传原理。他的“基因对基因”理论在现代植物病理学中影响深远，并继续为植物免疫识别和信号传导的分子模型提供依据。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了核苷酸结合结构域/富含亮氨酸重复序列（NLR）受体赋予植物免疫的最新生化见解，这些受体是天然和栽培作物中主要的基因对基因抗性决定因素。对病原体激活的NLR寡聚体（抗病小体）的结构和生化分析揭示了不同的NLR亚型如何以各种方式汇聚于钙（Ca）信号传导，以促进病原体免疫和宿主细胞死亡。特别引人注目的是植物 toll样白细胞介素1受体（TIR）结构域NLR酶促产生的基于核苷酸的信号的鉴定。这些小分子是TIR产生的环状和非环状核苷酸信号新家族的一部分，这些信号在细菌、哺乳动物和植物中引导免疫和细胞死亡反应。对植物NLR激活和信号传导的遗传、分子和生化综合理解为防治作物病害提供了令人兴奋的新机会。[公式：见正文] 版权所有© 2023作者。本文是一篇根据知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎4.0国际许可协议分发的开放获取文章。
