Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2024;24(1):e250823220402. doi: 10.2174/1871526523666230825164222.
The monkeypox virus (MPXV), belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus, is responsible for causing the zoonotic illness known as Monkeypox. The virus was initially identified during an outbreak at a Danish Zoo in 1958 and has since been found to infect various mammal species worldwide. While African squirrels and other rodents are believed to be the primary hosts, determining the natural host has proven challenging. While MPXV can be studied using different animal models in laboratory settings, understanding its natural transmission routes remains complex and species-dependent. Recent developments have elevated the global health concern surrounding Monkeypox, leading to its designation as a Global Health Emergency of International Concern on 23 July 2022. Enhancing surveillance and case detection is crucial in navigating the unpredictable epidemiology of this re-emerging disease. Human infections with the monkeypox virus are becoming less frequent due to population growth and economic improvements. Monkeypox, similar to smallpox, can potentially be controlled and eradicated in the future through vaccines, appropriate treatment, and personal protective equipment.
猴痘病毒(MPXV)属于正痘病毒属,是导致猴痘这种人畜共患病的罪魁祸首。该病毒最初是在 1958 年丹麦一个动物园的疫情中被发现的,此后已在全球范围内发现感染了多种哺乳动物物种。虽然非洲松鼠和其他啮齿动物被认为是主要宿主,但确定其自然宿主一直具有挑战性。虽然可以在实验室环境中使用不同的动物模型来研究 MPXV,但了解其自然传播途径仍然很复杂且取决于物种。最近的事态发展使得猴痘引起了全球卫生关注,导致 2022 年 7 月 23 日将其宣布为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。加强监测和病例检测对于应对这种重新出现的疾病的不可预测性流行病学至关重要。由于人口增长和经济改善,人类感染猴痘病毒的频率正在降低。猴痘与天花类似,未来可以通过疫苗、适当的治疗和个人防护设备来控制和消灭。