Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Viruses. 2022 Aug 27;14(9):1894. doi: 10.3390/v14091894.
Among the family, is the most notorious genus. Several DNA viruses belonging to this group are known to produce human disease from the life-threatening variola virus (VARV) (the causative agent of smallpox), monkeypox virus (MPXV), cowpox virus (CPXV), and vaccinia virus (VACV). These still remain a public health concern as VACV or CPXV still cause emerging endemic threads, especially in developing countries. MPXV is able to cause sporadic human outbreaks of a smallpox-like zoonotic disease and, in May 2022, hundreds of cases related to MPXV have been reported from more than 30 countries around the globe. At the end of July, monkeypox (MPX) outbreak was even declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many aspects remain unclear regarding this outbreak and a deep understanding of might have crucial and evident implications. During the era in which people under 45 years old are not protected against VACV, the potential use of as a biological weapon raises global concern considering the rapid spreading of the current MPX outbreak in vulnerable populations. Hence, we review the most recent evidence about phylogenesis, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment for this concerning disease.
在该科中，是最臭名昭著的属。已知属于该组的几种 DNA 病毒会导致人类患病，其中包括具有生命威胁的天花病毒 (VARV)（引起天花的病原体）、猴痘病毒 (MPXV)、牛痘病毒 (CPXV) 和痘苗病毒 (VACV)。由于 VACV 或 CPXV 仍会引发新兴的地方性疫情，尤其是在发展中国家，这些病毒仍然是公共卫生关注的焦点。MPXV 能够引起类似于天花的人畜共患疾病的散发性人类暴发，并且在 2022 年 5 月，来自全球 30 多个国家报告了数百例与 MPXV 相关的病例。到 7 月底，世界卫生组织 (WHO) 甚至宣布猴痘 (MPX) 爆发为全球卫生紧急事件。关于此次爆发，许多方面仍不清楚，深入了解可能具有至关重要和明显的影响。考虑到当前 MPX 爆发在弱势群体中的迅速传播，在 45 岁以下人群中未接种 VACV 的时代，将 作为生物武器使用引起了全球关注。因此，我们回顾了关于这种令人担忧的疾病的系统发育、发病机制、预防和治疗的最新证据。
