Timpel Julia, Klinghammer Stephanie, Riemenschneider Leif, Ibarlucea Bergoi, Cuniberti Gianaurelio, Hannig Christian, Sterzenbach Torsten
Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), Dresden University of Technology, 01309, Dresden, Germany.
Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Oct;27(10):5719-5736. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05206-9. Epub 2023 Sep 12.
The oral cavity is an easily accessible unique environment and open system which is influenced by the oral fluids, microbiota, and nutrition. Little is known about the kinetics and dynamics of metabolic processes at the intraoral surfaces. Real-time monitoring of salivary biomarkers, e.g., glucose, lactate, fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and pH with intraoral sensors is therefore of major interest. The aim of this review is to overview the existing literature for intraoral saliva sensors.
A comprehensive literature search was performed to review the most relevant studies on intraoral saliva sensor technology.
There is limited literature about the in situ saliva monitoring of salivary biomarkers. Bioadhesion and biofouling processes at the intraoral surfaces limit the performances of the sensors. Real-time, long-term, and continuous intraoral measurement of salivary metabolites remains challenging and needs further investigation as only few well-functioning sensors have been developed until today. Until now, there is no sensor that measures reliably beyond hours for any analyte other than glucose.
Saliva's complex and dynamic structure as well as bioadhesion are key challenges and should be addressed in the future developments. Consequently, more studies that focus particularly on biofouling processes and interferential effects of the salivary matrix components on sensor surfaces are required.
By monitoring fluids in the oral cavity, as the entrance to the digestive system, extensive information can be obtained regarding the effects of foods and preventive agents on the oral microbiota and the tooth surfaces. This may lead to a better understanding of strategies to modulate oral and general health.
口腔是一个易于接近的独特环境和开放系统，受口腔液体、微生物群和营养的影响。关于口腔内表面代谢过程的动力学和动态知之甚少。因此，使用口腔内传感器实时监测唾液生物标志物，如葡萄糖、乳酸、氟化物、钙、磷酸盐和pH值，具有重要意义。本综述的目的是概述口腔唾液传感器的现有文献。
进行了全面的文献检索，以回顾关于口腔唾液传感器技术的最相关研究。
关于唾液生物标志物原位唾液监测的文献有限。口腔内表面的生物粘附和生物污垢过程限制了传感器的性能。唾液代谢物的实时、长期和连续口腔内测量仍然具有挑战性，需要进一步研究，因为到目前为止只开发了少数功能良好的传感器。到目前为止，除了葡萄糖之外，还没有一种传感器能够可靠地测量任何分析物超过数小时。
唾液复杂且动态的结构以及生物粘附是关键挑战，应在未来的发展中加以解决。因此，需要更多特别关注生物污垢过程以及唾液基质成分对传感器表面干扰效应的研究。
通过监测作为消化系统入口的口腔中的液体，可以获得关于食物和预防剂对口腔微生物群和牙齿表面影响的广泛信息。这可能有助于更好地理解调节口腔和全身健康的策略。
