Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Sep 26;57(38):14417-14428. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01260. Epub 2023 Sep 12.
Improved stormwater treatment is needed to prevent toxic and mobile contaminant transport into receiving waters and allow beneficial use of stormwater runoff. In particular, safe capture of stormwater runoff to augment drinking water supplies is contingent upon removing dissolved trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) not captured by conventional stormwater control measures. This study builds upon a prior laboratory-based column study investigating biochar and regenerated activated carbon (RAC) amendment for removing hydrophilic trace organic contaminants (HiTrOCs) and poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from stormwater runoff. A robust contaminant transport model framework incorporating time-dependent flow and influent concentration is developed and validated to predict HiTrOC and PFAS transport in biochar- and RAC-amended stormwater filters. Specifically, parameters fit using a sorption-retarded intraparticle pore diffusion transport model were validated using data further along the depth of the column and compared to equilibrium batch isotherms. The transport model and fitted parameters were then used to estimate the lifetime of a hypothetical stormwater filter in Seal Beach, CA, to be 35 ± 6 years for biochar- and 51 ± 17 years for RAC-amended filters, under ideal conditions with no filter clogging. This work offers insights on the kinetics of HiTrOC and PFAS transport within biochar and RAC filters and on the impact of filter design on contaminant removal performance and longevity.
需要改进雨水处理，以防止有毒和可移动的污染物进入受纳水体，并允许雨水径流得到有益利用。特别是，为了增加饮用水供应，安全地捕获雨水径流，就必须去除常规雨水控制措施无法捕获的溶解痕量有机污染物（TrOCs）。本研究在前一个基于实验室的柱研究基础上进行，该研究调查了生物炭和再生活性炭（RAC）的添加对去除雨水径流中的亲水性痕量有机污染物（HiTrOCs）和多氟和全氟烷基物质（PFASs）的效果。本研究建立了一个强大的污染物传输模型框架，该框架结合了时变流和入口浓度，用于预测生物炭和 RAC 改性雨水过滤器中 HiTrOC 和 PFAS 的传输。具体而言，使用吸附延迟颗粒内孔扩散传输模型拟合的参数使用柱更深部分的数据进行了验证，并与平衡批量等温线进行了比较。然后，使用该传输模型和拟合参数来估计加利福尼亚州海豹滩的一个假设雨水过滤器的使用寿命，生物炭改性过滤器的使用寿命为 35 ± 6 年，而 RAC 改性过滤器的使用寿命为 51 ± 17 年，在没有过滤器堵塞的理想条件下。这项工作提供了关于 HiTrOC 和 PFAS 在生物炭和 RAC 过滤器中的传输动力学以及过滤器设计对污染物去除性能和寿命的影响的见解。
