Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, USA.
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, USA.
Water Res. 2020 Dec 15;187:116434. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116434. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
Stormwater is a major component of the urban water cycle contributing to street flooding and high runoff volumes in urban areas, and elevated contaminant concentrations in receiving waters from contact with impervious surfaces. Engineers and city planners are investing in best management practices to reduce runoff volume and to potentially capture and use urban stormwater. However, these current approaches result in moderate to low contaminant removal efficiencies for certain classes of contaminants (e.g., particles, nutrients, and some metals). This review describes options and opportunities to augment existing stormwater infrastructure with conventional and emerging reactive media to improve contaminant removal. This critical analysis characterizes media physicochemical properties and mechanisms contributing to contaminant removal, describes possible candidates for new engineered media, highlights lab and field studies investigating stormwater media contaminant removal, and identifies possible limitations and knowledge gaps in media implementation. Following this analysis, information is provided regarding factors that may contribute to or adversely impact urban stormwater treatment by media. The review closes with insights into additional research directions and important information necessary for safe and effective urban stormwater treatment using media.
雨水是城市水循环的主要组成部分，会导致城市地区街道洪水泛滥和径流量增加，并会因与不透水面接触而导致受纳水体中污染物浓度升高。工程师和城市规划者正在投资最佳管理实践，以减少径流量，并可能捕获和利用城市雨水。然而，这些当前方法对某些类别的污染物（例如颗粒、营养物和某些金属）的去除效率仅为中等至低等。本综述描述了利用常规和新兴反应性介质来增强现有雨水基础设施的选择和机会，以提高污染物的去除率。这一关键分析描述了有助于污染物去除的介质物理化学性质和机制，描述了新型工程介质的可能候选物，突出了研究雨水介质污染物去除的实验室和现场研究，并确定了介质实施中可能存在的限制和知识空白。在进行了这样的分析之后，提供了有关可能会促进或不利影响通过介质进行城市雨水处理的因素的信息。本综述以关于使用介质进行安全有效的城市雨水处理所需的其他研究方向和重要信息的见解结束。
