Key Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, Faculty of Psychological Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2024 Aug;77(8):1581-1594. doi: 10.1177/17470218231203203. Epub 2023 Oct 24.
Why do we trust each other? We carried out three experiments to test whether interpersonal trust depends on perceived self-other overlap. As previous studies suggest that enfacing (feeling ownership for, and include more into oneself of the face of) an avatar might make one trust this avatar more, we exposed participants to faces of ingroup and outgroup avatars that moved in synchrony or out of synchrony with the participant's own facial movements, and assessed the impact of synchrony on self-other overlap and trust measures. Experiment 1 used ingroup faces and successfully showed that synchrony (manipulated within-participants) increased self-other overlap and trust, which we assessed by means of the Trust Game and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). In Experiment 2, which used outgroup faces and a within-participants design, synchrony still increased scores in the Trust Game but the IAT was no longer affected. Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2 but with synchrony varying between participants, which eliminated the synchrony effect in both trust measures. Importantly, Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS) ratings were found to predict the IAT effect in synchronous conditions. Taken altogether, our findings suggest that interpersonal trust is mainly driven by perceived self-other overlap. Besides group identification, appearance, and voluntary movement, synchrony is just one of several sources contributing to perceived self-other overlap.
为什么我们会彼此信任？我们进行了三项实验来测试人际信任是否取决于感知的自我-他人重叠。由于之前的研究表明，面对（对自己的面孔产生所有权，并将更多的自我包含在面孔中）一个化身可能会使人们更信任这个化身，我们让参与者面对与自己面部动作同步或不同步的内群体和外群体化身的面孔，并评估同步性对自我-他人重叠和信任措施的影响。实验 1 使用内群体面孔，并成功表明同步性（在参与者内部进行操纵）增加了自我-他人重叠和信任，我们通过信任游戏和内隐联想测验（IAT）来评估。在实验 2 中，我们使用了外群体面孔和参与者内设计，同步性仍然增加了信任游戏的分数，但 IAT 不再受到影响。实验 3 复制了实验 2，但同步性在参与者之间变化，这消除了两种信任措施中的同步性效应。重要的是，自我包含他人（IOS）的评分被发现可以预测同步条件下的 IAT 效应。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，人际信任主要是由感知的自我-他人重叠驱动的。除了群体认同、外貌和自愿运动，同步性只是导致感知自我-他人重叠的几个来源之一。
