Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan.
Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2023 Dec;35:128-136. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.09.005. Epub 2023 Sep 13.
We investigated the temporal trends of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) clones in Taiwan from 2004 to 2019, focusing on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resistance genetic determinants, and plasmid types.
Salmonella isolates were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), whole-genome sequencing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clones were defined using PFGE clustering and the hierarchical cgMLST clustering (HierCC) assignments.
Seven major S. Typhimurium clones, HC100_2, 13, 41, 305, 310, 501, and 46261, accounted for 97.6% (8079/8275) of human isolates in Taiwan. Each clone displayed a unique AMR profile, resistance genetic determinants, and plasmid types. Four highly resistant clones (HC100_2, 41, 305, and 310) exhibited multiple resistance in 86.5% to 96.1% of isolates. HC100_305 and HC100_2 were pandemic multidrug-resistant clones, characterized by resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline (ACSSuT) and ASSuT, respectively. The prevalence of the ACSSuT clone decreased from 68.7% of S. Typhimurium isolates in 2004 to 1.7% in 2019, while the ASSuT clone emerged in 2007 and became the largest clone after 2010. Several plasmids, including IncHI2-IncHI2A, IncC, IncFIB(K), and IncI1-1(α), carried multiple resistance genes or were associated with the carriage of mph(A), bla, and bla.
Between 2004 and 2019, Taiwan experienced the emergence, prevalence, and subsequent decline of several highly resistant S. Typhimurium clones. The clones defined using the HierCC approach have global comparability. The increasing resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, cephamycins, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin in recent years poses a significant medical concern.
本研究旨在调查 2004 年至 2019 年台湾地区鼠伤寒沙门氏菌血清型 Typhimurium（S. Typhimurium）克隆株的时间趋势，重点关注其对抗微生物药物的耐药性（AMR）、耐药基因决定因子和质粒类型。
采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）、全基因组测序和抗菌药物敏感性试验对沙门氏菌分离株进行特征分析。通过 PFGE 聚类和分层 cgMLST 聚类（HierCC）赋值定义克隆株。
7 种主要的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌克隆株，HC100_2、13、41、305、310、501 和 46261，占台湾地区人类分离株的 97.6%（8079/8275）。每个克隆株均表现出独特的 AMR 谱、耐药基因决定因子和质粒类型。4 种高度耐药的克隆株（HC100_2、41、305 和 310）对 86.5%至 96.1%的分离株表现出多重耐药性。HC100_305 和 HC100_2 是具有多重耐药性的流行克隆株，其特征为对氨苄西林、氯霉素、链霉素、磺胺类药物和四环素（ACSSuT）以及 ASSuT 耐药。2004 年 ACSSuT 克隆株在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌分离株中的流行率为 68.7%，到 2019 年降至 1.7%，而 ASSuT 克隆株于 2007 年出现，并在 2010 年后成为最大的克隆株。几个质粒，包括 IncHI2-IncHI2A、IncC、IncFIB(K)和 IncI1-1(α)，携带多种耐药基因或与 mph(A)、bla 和 bla 基因的携带有关。
2004 年至 2019 年间，台湾地区经历了几种高度耐药鼠伤寒沙门氏菌克隆株的出现、流行和随后的减少。使用 HierCC 方法定义的克隆株具有全球可比性。近年来，第三代头孢菌素、头孢菌素、环丙沙星和阿奇霉素的耐药性不断增加，这对医疗领域构成了重大威胁。
