Gapizov Abubakar, Sidhu Harmandeep K, Affaf Maryam, Safdar Shamayel, Irfan Rabbia, Ekhator Chukwuyem, Saddique Muhammad Nabeel, Devi Monika, Silloca Cabana Elizabeth O, Kamran Muhammad, Bellegarde Sophia B, Hussain Iqbal
Department of General Surgery, American University of Antigua, St. John's, ATG.
Department of Dermatology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Sep 12;15(9):e45142. doi: 10.7759/cureus.45142. eCollection 2023 Sep.
This scoping review focuses on intravascular lobular capillary hemangioma (ILCH), a rare and distinct subset of lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH). This study provides a comprehensive overview of ILCH, delving into its clinical characteristics, origins, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and outcomes. Despite its rarity, ILCH presents unique diagnostic and management challenges due to its intravascular origin. The review emphasizes the importance of accurate differentiation from other vascular lesions and underscores the need for histopathological confirmation. This article discusses the presentation of ILCH in the reported literature. The pathogenesis remains uncertain, with factors such as trauma, inflammation, hormonal changes, and medications being considered potential contributors. Histopathological features, imaging techniques, and diagnostic tools are discussed, highlighting the distinct histological architecture of ILCHs and the importance of immunohistochemical staining for accurate diagnosis. Surgical excision is the primary approach for managing ILCH due to its potential complications, including superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion and thrombosis. This review concludes by outlining potential directions for future research, including investigating genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ILCH development, developing targeted therapies, building patient registries for collaborative efforts, and exploring minimally invasive surgical techniques. The importance of long-term patient outcome studies and international collaborations is emphasized to enhance our understanding of this rare vascular anomaly.
本范围综述聚焦于血管内小叶毛细血管瘤（ILCH），它是小叶毛细血管瘤（LCH）中一种罕见且独特的亚型。本研究全面概述了ILCH，深入探讨了其临床特征、起源、发病机制、诊断方法、治疗选择及结果。尽管ILCH罕见，但因其血管内起源，在诊断和管理方面存在独特挑战。该综述强调了与其他血管病变准确鉴别的重要性，并强调了组织病理学确诊的必要性。本文讨论了已发表文献中ILCH的表现。发病机制仍不确定，创伤、炎症、激素变化及药物等因素被认为是潜在的促成因素。文中讨论了组织病理学特征、成像技术及诊断工具，突出了ILCH独特的组织学结构以及免疫组化染色对准确诊断的重要性。由于ILCH可能引发包括上腔静脉（SVC）阻塞和血栓形成等并发症，手术切除是管理ILCH的主要方法。本综述最后概述了未来研究的潜在方向，包括研究ILCH发生发展的遗传和分子机制、开发靶向治疗、建立患者登记册以开展合作以及探索微创手术技术。强调了长期患者结局研究和国际合作对于增进我们对这种罕见血管异常理解的重要性。
