Zhang Fan, Chen Mengru, Fu Jintao, Zhang Xiangzhu, Li Yuan, Xing Yingying
College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Aug 29;14:1240196. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240196. eCollection 2023.
The effects of different irrigation and fertilization on potato yield, soil fertility and soil enzyme activity of different varieties under drip irrigation fertilization mode were studied, which could provide support for selecting the best varieties in Northwest China. Three factors and three levels orthogonal experimental design method, a total of nine treatments. The three irrigation levels were W1 (100% crop evapotranspiration (ET)), W2 (80% ET) and W3 (60% ET). The three fertilization levels were F1 (N-PO-KO, 240-120-300 kg ha), F2 (180-90-225 kg ha) and F3 (120-60-150 kg ha). The three varieties were V1 (Feiuritar), V2 (Longshu7) and V3 (Qingshu 9). The results showed that different irrigation and fertilization had significant effects on potato yield, soil fertility and soil enzyme activity in root zone. The highest yield of T5 (80%ET, 180-90-225 kg ha, Qingshu 9) was 49,222.3 kg ha. With the increase of fertilizer application rate, potato yield and soil enzyme activity in root zone increased first and then decreased, but soil electrical conductivity (SEC), soil nitrate-N content (SNNC), soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content (SAHC), soil available potassium (AK), soil available phosphorus (AP), soil ammonium-N content (SANC) and soil organic matter (SOM) in root zone increased continuously. The yield, soil catalase activity, soil urease activity and soil sucrase activity at W2 were 2.81% and 22.2%, 1.84% and 7.04%, 8.26% and 9.62%, 5.34% and 13.36% higher than those at W1 and W3, respectively. The overall trend of soil water content, soil nutrient content and enzyme activity in root zone was 0-20 cm >20-40 cm >40-60 cm soil layer. There were many soil factors affecting tuber yield, among which soil enzyme activity, pH value and root zone conductivity were the key factors. The results showed that T5 (80%ET, 180-90-225 kg ha, Qingshu 9) was the best treatment to improve soil enzyme activity and yield.
研究了滴灌施肥模式下不同灌溉和施肥方式对不同品种马铃薯产量、土壤肥力及土壤酶活性的影响，可为中国西北地区选择最佳品种提供依据。采用三因素三水平正交试验设计方法，共设9个处理。三个灌溉水平分别为W1（100%作物蒸散量（ET））、W2（80%ET）和W3（60%ET）。三个施肥水平分别为F1（N-PO-KO，240-120-300 kg·ha）、F2（180-90-225 kg·ha）和F3（120-60-150 kg·ha）。三个品种分别为V1（费乌瑞它）、V2（陇薯7号）和V3（青薯9号）。结果表明，不同灌溉和施肥方式对根区马铃薯产量、土壤肥力和土壤酶活性有显著影响。T5（80%ET，180-90-225 kg·ha，青薯9号）产量最高，为49222.3 kg·ha。随着施肥量的增加，根区马铃薯产量和土壤酶活性先升高后降低，但根区土壤电导率（SEC）、土壤硝态氮含量（SNNC）、土壤碱解氮含量（SAHC）、土壤速效钾（AK）、土壤速效磷（AP）、土壤铵态氮含量（SANC）和土壤有机质（SOM）持续增加。W2处理的产量、土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤脲酶活性和土壤蔗糖酶活性分别比W1和W3处理高2.81%和22.2%、1.84%和7.04%、8.26%和9.62%、5.34%和13.36%。根区土壤含水量、土壤养分含量和酶活性总体趋势为0-20 cm土层>20-40 cm土层>40-60 cm土层。影响块茎产量的土壤因素较多，其中土壤酶活性、pH值和根区电导率是关键因素。结果表明，T5（80%ET，180-90-225 kg·ha，青薯9号）是提高土壤酶活性和产量的最佳处理。
