Huang Shihao, Zhao Lei, Zhang Tingge, Qin Minghui, Yin Tao, Liu Qing, Li Huan
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Jun 5;13(11):1561. doi: 10.3390/plants13111561.
Sufficient soil moisture is required to ensure the successful transplantation of sweet potato seedlings. Thus, reasonable water management is essential for achieving high quality and yield in sweet potato production. We conducted field experiments in northern China, planted on 18 May and harvested on 18 October 2021, at the Nancun Experimental Base of Qingdao Agricultural University. Three water management treatments were tested for sweet potato seedlings after transplanting: hole irrigation (W), optimized drip irrigation (W), and traditional drip irrigation (W). The variation characteristics of soil volumetric water content, soil temperature, and soil CO concentration in the root zone were monitored in situ for 0-50 days. The agronomy, root morphology, photosynthetic parameters, C accumulation, yield, and yield components of sweet potato were determined. The results showed that soil VWC was maintained at 22-25% and 27-32% in the hole irrigation and combined drip irrigation treatments, respectively, from 0 to 30 days after transplanting. However, there was no significant difference between the traditional (W) and optimized (W) drip irrigation systems. From 30 to 50 days after transplanting, the VWC decreased significantly in all treatments, with significant differences among all treatments. Soil CO concentrations were positively correlated with VWC from 0 to 30 days after transplanting but gradually increased from 30 to 50 days, with significant differences among treatments. Soil temperature varied with fluctuations in air temperature, with no significant differences among treatments. Sweet potato survival rates were significantly lower in the hole irrigation treatments than in the drip irrigation treatments, with no significant difference between W and W. The aboveground biomass, photosynthetic parameters, and leaf area index were significantly higher under drip irrigation than under hole irrigation, and values were higher in W than in W. However, the total root length, root volume, and C partitioning rate were higher in W than in W. These findings suggest that excessive drip irrigation can lead to an imbalance in sweet potato reservoir sources. Compared with W, the W and W treatments exhibited significant yield increases of 42.98% and 36.49%, respectively. The W treatment had the lowest sweet potato deformity rate.
需要充足的土壤湿度以确保甘薯秧苗成功移栽。因此，合理的水分管理对于实现甘薯生产的高品质和高产量至关重要。我们于2021年5月18日种植、10月18日收获，在青岛农业大学南村实验基地开展了中国北方的田间试验。对甘薯秧苗移栽后进行了三种水分管理处理：穴灌（W1）、优化滴灌（W2）和传统滴灌（W3）。原位监测了0至50天根区土壤体积含水量、土壤温度和土壤CO₂浓度的变化特征。测定了甘薯的农艺性状、根系形态、光合参数、碳积累、产量及产量构成因素。结果表明，移栽后0至30天，穴灌和组合滴灌处理的土壤体积含水量分别维持在22% - 25%和27% - 32%。然而，传统（W3）和优化（W₂）滴灌系统之间没有显著差异。移栽后30至50天，所有处理的土壤体积含水量均显著下降，各处理间差异显著。移栽后0至30天，土壤CO₂浓度与土壤体积含水量呈正相关，但30至50天逐渐升高，各处理间差异显著。土壤温度随气温波动而变化，各处理间无显著差异。穴灌处理的甘薯成活率显著低于滴灌处理，W1和W2之间无显著差异。滴灌条件下地上部生物量、光合参数和叶面积指数显著高于穴灌，W₂的值高于W3。然而，W₁的总根长、根体积和碳分配率高于W₂。这些结果表明，过度滴灌会导致甘薯库源失衡。与W₁相比，W₂和W₃处理的产量分别显著提高了42.98%和36.49%。W₃处理的甘薯畸形率最低。
