College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian, 063210, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Dec;28(45):64407-64418. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15439-4. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
Agronomic selenium (Se) biofortification of grain crops is considered the best method for increasing human Se intake, which may help people alleviate Se-deficiency. To investigate the efficiency of agronomic Se biofortification of oat, four Se fertilizer application treatments were tested: topsoil (T), foliar (S), the combination of T and S (TS), and control without Se application (CK). Compared with CK, TS significantly increased the 1000-grain weight, grain yield, Se contents in all parts of oats, contents of soil available N, K, and organic matter by 18%, 8.70%, 19.7-60.2%, 6.00%, 8.02%, and 17.95%, respectively. Leaves, roots, and ears had the highest conversion rate of exogenous Se in S (644.63%), T (416.00%), and TS (273.20%), respectively. TS also increased the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrose and the diversity of soil bacterial communities. TS and T increased the relative abundance of bacteria involved in the decomposition of organic matter, such as Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes positively correlated with soil nutrients and enzyme activities, and reduced Proteobacteria and Firmicutes negatively correlated with them, Granulicella, Bacillus, Raoultella, Lactococcus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. Furthermore, TS significantly increased the relative abundance of Planctomycetes, Chlorobi, Nitrospinae, Nitrospirae, Aciditeromonas, Gemmatimonas, Geobacter, and Thiobacter. T significantly increased the abundance of Lysobacter, Holophaga, Candidatus-Koribacter, Povalibacter, and Pyrinomonas. S did not significantly change the bacterial communities. Thus, a combined foliar and soil Se fertilizer proved conducive for achieving higher yield, grain Se content, and improving Se transport, the diversity of rhizosphere bacterial community, and bacterial functions in oats.
农业施硒（Se）强化谷物是增加人体硒摄入量的最佳方法，这可能有助于人们缓解硒缺乏。为了研究燕麦农业施硒强化的效率，进行了四种硒肥施用处理的测试：表土（T）、叶面（S）、T 和 S 的组合（TS）以及不施硒的对照（CK）。与 CK 相比，TS 显著增加了千粒重、籽粒产量、燕麦各部位的硒含量、土壤有效氮、钾和有机质含量分别增加了 18%、8.70%、19.7-60.2%、6.00%、8.02%和 17.95%。叶片、根和穗在 S（644.63%）、T（416.00%）和 TS（273.20%）中的外源硒转化率最高。TS 还增加了土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖的活性以及土壤细菌群落的多样性。TS 和 T 增加了与土壤养分和酶活性呈正相关的参与有机质分解的细菌相对丰度，如放线菌、芽单胞菌、绿弯菌和拟杆菌，减少了与它们呈负相关的变形菌、厚壁菌、格兰氏阴性菌、芽孢杆菌、罗特氏菌、乳球菌、克雷伯氏菌和假单胞菌。此外，TS 显著增加了浮霉菌、绿菌、硝化螺旋菌、硝化螺旋菌、嗜酸菌、Gemmatimonas、地杆菌和硫杆菌的相对丰度。T 显著增加了 Lysobacter、Holophaga、Candidatus-Koribacter、Povalibacter 和 Pyrinomonas 的丰度。S 没有显著改变细菌群落。因此，叶面和土壤硒肥的联合施用有利于提高燕麦的产量、籽粒硒含量和改善硒运输、根际细菌群落的多样性以及细菌功能。
