Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India.
Immunology. 2024 Feb;171(2):155-169. doi: 10.1111/imm.13695. Epub 2023 Sep 15.
Nipah virus (NiV) causes severe encephalitis in humans. Three NiV strains NiV-Malaysia (NiV ), NiV Bangladesh (NiV ), and NiV India (NiV reported in 2019) have been circulating in South-Asian nations. Sporadic outbreak observed in South-East Asian countries but human to human transmission raises the concern about its pandemic potential. The presence of the viral genome in reservoir bats has further confirmed that NiV has spread to the African and Australian continents. NiV research activities have gained momentum to achieve specific preparedness goals to meet any future emergency-as a result, several potential vaccine candidates have been developed and tested in a variety of animal models. Some of these candidate vaccines have entered further clinical trials. Research activities related to the discovery of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have resulted in the identification of a handful of candidates capable of neutralizing the virion. However, progress in discovering potential antiviral drugs has been limited. Thus, considering NiV's pandemic potential, it is crucial to fast-track ongoing projects related to vaccine clinical trials, anti-NiV therapeutics. Here, we discuss the current progress in NiV-vaccine research and therapeutic options, including mAbs and antiviral medications.
尼帕病毒（NiV）可引起人类严重脑炎。三种尼帕病毒株（NiV-Malaysia、NiV-Bangladesh 和 NiV-India）在南亚国家传播。在东南亚国家偶有暴发，但人际传播引起了对其大流行潜力的关注。病毒基因组在储库蝙蝠中的存在进一步证实，尼帕病毒已传播至非洲和澳大利亚大陆。尼帕病毒的研究活动势头强劲，以实现特定的准备目标，应对任何未来的紧急情况-因此，已在各种动物模型中开发和测试了几种潜在的疫苗候选物。其中一些候选疫苗已进入进一步的临床试验。与发现治疗性单克隆抗体（mAbs）相关的研究活动已鉴定出少数能够中和病毒粒子的候选物。然而，发现潜在抗病毒药物的进展有限。因此，考虑到尼帕病毒的大流行潜力，必须加快与疫苗临床试验、抗尼帕病毒疗法相关的现有项目。在这里，我们讨论了尼帕病毒疫苗研究和治疗选择的最新进展，包括 mAbs 和抗病毒药物。
