Han Nannan, Li Xiaoyan, Du Juan, Xu Junji, Guo Lijia, Liu Yi
Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
J Periodontal Res. 2023 Dec;58(6):1139-1147. doi: 10.1111/jre.13168. Epub 2023 Sep 15.
Periodontitis, a chronic infectious disease, primarily arises from infections and the invasion of periodontal pathogens. This condition is typified by alveolar bone loss resulting from host immune responses and inflammatory reactions. Periodontal pathogens trigger aberrant inflammatory reactions within periodontal tissues, thereby exacerbating the progression of periodontitis. Simultaneously, these pathogens and metabolites stimulate osteoclast differentiation, which leads to alveolar bone resorption. Moreover, a range of systemic diseases, including diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, can contribute to the development and progression of periodontitis. Many studies have underscored the pivotal role of gut microbiota in bone health through the gut-alveolar bone axis. The circulation may facilitate the transfer of gut pathogens or metabolites to distant alveolar bone, which in turn regulates bone homeostasis. Additionally, gut pathogens can elicit gut immune responses and direct immune cells to remote organs, potentially exacerbating periodontitis. This review summarizes the influence of oral microbiota on the development of periodontitis as well as the association between gut microbiota and periodontitis. By uncovering potential mechanisms of the gut-bone axis, this analysis provides novel insights for the targeted treatment of pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis.
牙周炎是一种慢性感染性疾病，主要源于感染和牙周病原体的侵袭。这种病症的典型特征是宿主免疫反应和炎症反应导致的牙槽骨丧失。牙周病原体在牙周组织内引发异常炎症反应，从而加剧牙周炎的进展。同时，这些病原体及其代谢产物刺激破骨细胞分化，导致牙槽骨吸收。此外，一系列全身性疾病，包括糖尿病、绝经后骨质疏松症、肥胖症和炎症性肠病，都可能促使牙周炎的发生和发展。许多研究强调了肠道微生物群通过肠-牙槽骨轴在骨骼健康中的关键作用。血液循环可能有助于肠道病原体或代谢产物转移至远处的牙槽骨，进而调节骨稳态。此外，肠道病原体可引发肠道免疫反应，并将免疫细胞导向远端器官，这可能会加剧牙周炎。本综述总结了口腔微生物群对牙周炎发展的影响以及肠道微生物群与牙周炎之间的关联。通过揭示肠-骨轴的潜在机制，本分析为牙周炎致病细菌的靶向治疗提供了新的见解。
